Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin
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This article or section is a work in progress. The information below may be incomplete, outdated, or subject to change. |
| Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin |
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| Collectivity and metropolitan city | |
| Collectivity of the Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin | |
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| Country |  Phinbella |
| Entity | Free area of the Federation |
| Territory |  Straits Settlements |
| Inhabited | 250 AN |
| Established under jointly PBSCC, NB, United Hearth and military order rule | 1 February -30BP |
| Treaty of Paradis | December 1, -17BP |
| Coloane Island incorporated | January 1, -10BP |
| Transfer of sovereignty from PBSCC | December 20, RP 2600 |
| Separation from Springwind Islands | January 20, RP 2602 |
| Granted city status | January 20, RP 2613 |
| Subdivisions | |
| Government | |
| • Body | City Council of the Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin |
| • President | Muhammad Furkorn Mat Jeen |
| • Governor-General | Kim Nam-joon |
| • Administrator | Kwon Ji-yong |
| • Collectivity officer | Prebet Tomoki Heiketsu |
| • Mayor | Jazli Mohammed Suezikami |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,062.63 km2 (410.28 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 20 m (70 ft) |
| Highest elevation (Bukit Tiu) | 348 m (1,142 ft) |
| Lowest elevation (Silo Atoll) | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (1730 AN) | |
| • Total | 1,596,136 |
| • Density | 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Providencialesian |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic groups |
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| Languages | |
| • Official | Phineaner · Taesongean · Common Tongue |
| • Dialects | Providencialesian Phineaner · Springwind Islands Phineaner · Orange Free State Phineaner · Scattered Frontier Phineaner |
| Time zone | Phinéas Padolski Time (UTC+5:20) |
| Postcode | 38xxx |
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin (Phineaner: Kepulauan Bonin Providenciales dan Seberang Pyojin), officially the Collectivity of the Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin (Phineaner: Jajahan Kepulauan Bonin Providenciales dan Seberang Pyojin), is a collectivity in the territory of the Straits Settlements, located northeast of Phinbella, bordering the Territory of Taemhwanian Frontier Settlements Area district of Department Yapreay Authorities to the north, Province Wellesley and Suyaj-Ardab-administrated part of the Dinding Island International Settlements Autonomous Sub-district to the east and the Islands of Dong Ping to the south. Inhabited since 250 AN and established in -30BP, the Providenciales Bonin Islands and the Seberang Pyojin are now inhabited by a total of 650,900 inhabitants as of RP 2613. This collectivity is the largest city in the Straits Settlements, while the administrative center of this territory, the Springwind Islands, is the second largest city.
The collectivity is located approximately 220 kilometers from the capital, Negara Awan, 100 kilometers from the administrative center of the Straits Settlements, Springwind Islands and 45 kilometers from Danville, Tri-State Area. Its territory is 1,062.63 square kilometers covering the area of Seberang Pyojin, Providenciales Islands of 24 islands, and Kolowan Island or Coloane Island, excluding its waters. Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin is the second offshore financial center after the Springwind Islands because it is in the same administrative unit, the Straits Settlements, declared in the same year, RP 2600. And it is also a duty-free tourist city, including having a the largest international port in the territory. Downtown Core is the downtown and collectivity principal urban center for this collectivity.
The construction of a port in the Seberang Pyojin area as the main gateway to an international settlement and the Department Yapreay Authorities district on the other side of its border, has helped for the growth of this increasingly secure city during the provisional government. The city is known as the "Satellite City". The city has been merged as an individual settlement in the Straits Settlements administrative unit since December RP 2600 under the administration of the Springwind Islands Collectivity, and Dinding Island is divided into two distinct areas, but separated in January RP 2602 through the Bukit Tiu Agreement.
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin are among the cities that have led economic development in Phinbella, on par with Bandar Baru Fatin, Rintis Island, Kota Hilir, Springwind Islands and Danville, by opening the port. Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin have clear waters and sandy beaches along the coast of the islands and along the coast of Seberang Pyojin.
The collection is divided into ten administrative districts, namely Downtown Core, Anthony, Wakaf Saint Lawrance, Layang-Layangan, Lubok Temiang, Padang Yeop, Bukit Tiu, Pasio Hor, Coloane Island and the Interior Providenciales Bonin Islands.
History
Geography
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin is an area governed by the Straits Settlements located on the western side of Dinding Island where the eastern part of the island, as much as it is administered by the Phinbellan Unincorporated Territory and as small as the enclave of the Dinding Island International Settlements Autonomous Sub-district as well as several of its coastal villages are administered by the Province Wellesley and Suyaj-Ardab. The Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin including Dinding Island are located between the Captive Sea and the Íeu'ryïan Strait. This collectivity has a total area of 1,063 square kilometers. The metropolitan city is located between latitudes 22.94° and 23.32° N, and longitudes 66.20° and 68.07° E. The city consists of the area of Seberang Pyojin, Providenciales International Airport, Coloane Island and more than 30 remote islands and atolls.
Among the remote island names in the collectivity are Yeop Daiyan Island or Yeop Dylan Island, Yeop Charles Island, Limbongan Island, Socheong Island, Daai Island, Jerenjoh Island, Sukabumi Island, Daisuki Island, Yeop Takashi Island, Yeop Kaitou Island, Deer Island, Saint John Island, Saint Michael Island, Mengabang Chor Island, Telipan Island, Peghelit Island, Tigawan Island, Sengabdo Island and Niha Island. There are only 10 atolls in this metropolitan city, namely, Silo Atoll, Pengkalan Dailap Atoll, Latan Atoll, Ubi Kayu Atoll, Yeop Zainuddin Atoll, Cilincin Atoll, Ubi Selampit Atoll, Chenur Atoll, Sitiawan Atoll and Lening Atoll.
Climate
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin has an oceanic climate (Cwc) according to the Köppen climate classification with having a dry season. Usually the summer that lasts from July 1 to September 3 has an average daily high temperature is below 24°C, and the winter that lasts from November 20 to February 28 has an average daily high temperature is above -2°C, and it is an average compared to some other cities all over Phinbella with 10 locations getting cooler and 7 locations getting a bit hotter. Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin is a city that has cold weather every day.
The city experiences every four seasons, as usual with the others, temperatures in winter will not drop to the extreme.
Demography
Source of inter-territorial immigrants to Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin in RP 2616
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin is the most populous city in the Straits Settlements with a population of over 650 thousand people in RP 2613, followed by the administrative center of this territory, the Springwind Islands and another collectivity, the Boninki Islands. Has a population density of 610 people per square kilometer. The inhabitants of this city are a colloquium known as the Providencialesian (Phineaner: Orang Providenciales). Because this city and the Springwind Islands are building rapidly, directly the Straits Settlements is one of the most urban territories in Phinbella, with an urbanization rate of 72.1% by RP 2617, it is positioned between Maritime Kachi Kochi, Territory of Kota Hilir and Federal Special Capital Territory. In de jure, the city does not form a metropolitan area around it because of its location in the archipelago, nor de facto, it forms a metropolitan area covering other collectivities in the Straits Settlements only or forms a metropolitan area covering Dinding Island and the Department Yapreay Authorities and surroundings.
The city receives inter-territorial migrants, having begun to achieve the highest migration effectiveness ratios since RP 2615 to RP 2616. Inter-territorial migrants mostly come from the Tri-State Area, Territory of Flower, Maritime Kachi Kochi, Territory of Kota Hilir and Orange Free State, but immigrants of the other collectivities in the Straits Settlements is the second largest group of inter-territorial immigrants in the city. The city also has immigrants coming from the Oriental Hispanioéire Taemhwan, mostly coming from the Rōmandie region.
Ethnicities
The ethnic composition of the Providenciales Bonin Islands and the Seberang Pyojin region reflects the history of immigration in the Straits Settlements. Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin were among the previously densely populated regions in Phinbella. The population in this collectivity is dominated by a community of mixed descent Eurphineonesians namely Zaipinichi Peranakans, Yapreayans, Springwind Islanders, Ryukchiners and Scattered Islands Frontier Creole. The Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin were originally inhabited by aliens, Phineaners and westerners, but due to a mixture of descendants, a mixed ethnic community dominates until now. The Zaipinichi Peranakans make up a majority of 37.6%, while the Yapreayans make up 36.3% of its population. Although the Phineaners community became one of the minorities in this metropolitan city and only made up 0.65% of its population, the Phineaner culture influenced the Eurphineonesian community including language, dress code and so on. Eurphineonesians and Phineaners typically worked as offshore oil rig workers, while the majority of Yapreayans worked on sugar plantations. Zaipinichi Peranakans, Yapreayans, Springwind Islanders and Ryukchiners mostly live mainly in Seberang Pyojin and Downtown Core, while the community makes up 10.4% of the population in Interior Providenciales Bonin Islands especially on Yeop Daiyan Island, and makes up 2.5% of the population in Coloane Island district. The Yapreayan people in the Interior Providenciales Bonin Islands mostly live in atolls. The Padang Yeop, Bukit Tiu and Pasio Hor districts are districts that have a majority of Yapreayan, Ryukchiners and Scattered Islands Frontier Creole communities.
The Sangunese community is also present in the city, only found in a few settlements in Downtown Core, Wakaf Saint Lawrance, Pasio Hor and Padang Yeop districts as well as several islands and atolls, it includes the Islander Sangunese community, a hybrid ethnic mixed between Sangunese and island natives including Nan'yoklanders have made up 0.3% of its population, have a rich heritage that can be seen to this day in the form of its most distinctive dress code, cuisine and language, the martial arts of this community are still the same as the Sangunese on the mainland and in their homeland, they now the majority work as employees of public or private companies in Seberang Pyojin and work as fishermen in the archipelago.
The sub-Phineaners in this city are predominantly Gangwol Phineaners and Eldians. The Eldian community was formerly brought from Daman and Paradis Island to be copra farm workers on Coloane Island, while the Gangwol Phineaners were formerly brought from Gangwol region including from remote islands as well as Maritime Kachi Kochi to be security officers and port workers. The other sub-Phineaners are the Pakanian Phineaners who come from the eastern mainland of the Phinbellan Unincorporated Territory and the Oranje Phineaners who come from the Orange Free State.
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin have a population of Jewish descent, which makes up a community of 0.08% of the population, and is largely identified as having blood ties with Omega-type Yapreayans (men who are said to be pregnant). Providencialesian Jews are a hybrid community, one of the Yapreyan sub-groups of Jewish descent. The majority are people of slave descent forcibly transported or brought to this city from their homeland from as early as the -40BPs. The enslaved communities that make up 47.25% of the population are from Ashkenatza, which are of Ashkenatzi descent and are usually found in the Pasio Hor and Padang Yeop districts, while the Sephardic communities from Mahoz HaSephardim that make up the majority of another 35.31% of the population have settlements in the Layang-Layangan, Downtown Core and Anthony. Other small communities include the Mala'anashim communities.
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin are home to expatriate populations coming from the neighboring states of Forajasaki and Nijigapura, as well as from Kunapura, Hurmu and Sanpantul. Expatriates belong to the undeclared population as locals who have formed a community of 6.22%, and nearly 4 percent of the city’s population is comprised of foreigners. Semondoh International Trade City in Downtown Core and Pancharadok in Layang-Layangan are major settlements for the expatriates community. Among the 1.38% of the city’s population, which has a significant Phinbellan alien community including Gogobugians, Xenovians, Cubulus, Martians and those from other planets, are also Indian, Bajau, Kadazan-Dusun, Jing and Ssamaritan communities.
Languages
The main languages spoken in the Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin are Phineaner, Common Tongue, Taesongean, Sangunese, Cantonese, Hokkien, Batavian and Tamil. The majority of the population speaks Phineaner which is spoken by 74.8 percent, 61.2 percent as a first language and 13.6 percent as a second or third language. As throughout Phinbella, the Phineaner language is now among the official languages of the city, using a variant of the Gangwol dialect in the Phinbellan Maritime Territories. 11.8 percent of the population speaks Taesongean, 4.4 percent are native speakers while 6.4 percent use it as a second language. Tamil is the language widely used by the Indian community in the city along with other Indian languages, while Petjo is spoken by the majority of the Ryukchiner community and the rest use it as a second language. Irish is also spoken in the city by the Eurphineonesian community of Irish descent. The Yapreayan language is spoken by the Yapreayan community and non-Yapreayan speakers, but the mother tongue speech among the Yapreayan community may be extinct but saved by non-Yapreayan speakers.
Sangunese and Common Tongue are additional working languages, Sangunese is spoken by 65.1 percent of which 24.9 percent are native speakers and 40.2 percent use it as a second language, Common Tongue in the city is spoken by 6.46 percent native speakers and 20.7 percent second or third language speakers. The Jing community in the city predominantly speaks Jing and Sangunese, while a majority of residents in the city speak Cantonese, Hokkien and Hakka as their additional languages along with their home languages. Schools run by the Jing community use their language as the medium of instruction. Settements kana script are used in writing in conjunction with the common hiragana and katakana script throughout Phinbella, and the character is also used on local television stations.
The majority of residents in this metropolitan city speaking Providencialesian Phineaner, a local creole based on the Gangwol dialect that serves as the lingua franca of the city, it has its own characteristics and modifications compared to other Gangwol-based creoles due to urban and cosmopolitan living environment. This creole has borrowed many other variants of the Phineaner dialect which are spoken in the city, and has strong influences from the Common Tongue, Sangunese, Batavian (including Petjo), Yapreayan and Taesongean, and is a legacy of the urban community. The distribution of Phineaner dialects and creoles in this metropolitan city varies, especially the spoken Oranje Phineaner dialect and Úyvidék Phineaner, an Oranje Phineaner-based creole, both spoken in several villages in the Downtown Core, Pasio Hor, Bukit Tiu and Padang Yeop districts, and in several remote islands and atoll in Interior district. Meanwhile, Scattered Frontier Phineaner creole spoken by the Scattered Islands Frontier Creole community, it's distribution found in several villages in Padang Yeop and Pasio Hor. The Gangwol dialect is spoken in some parts of the Seberang Pyojin area and some villages on Coloane Island, while the Eldian dialect spoken by the Eldian community is spoken in some villages in Bukit Tiu and Wakaf Saint Lawrance. The Taemhwanian dialect is spoken in several villages in the Seberang Pyojin hill area. There are also Hiliorian dialects spoken in several villages in the coastal area. Several other villages and several remote islands in the Interior speak in the Perlisian sub-dialect of the Kedahan Phineaner. Due to the influence of the existing dialects in this metropolitan city, a creole was created that was introduced in this city.
There are one Sangunese-based creoles in this city, Providencialesian Creole Sangunese, a variant or sub-dialect of Taemhwanian Frontier Settlements Area Creole Sangunese is spoken in several villages along with and having a strong influence from the Oranje and Taemhwanian dialects, as well as Úyvidék and Scattered Frontier creoles. Gangwol creoles speakers are also speaking this creole. Both of these creoles use the writing of Settlements kana scripts mixed with common hiragana and katakana.
Religion
Religion in Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin (RP 2616)
According to the Providenciales Population Statistics of RP 2616, because the Eurphineonesian community is the majority of the population in the city, then the majority religion there is Roman Catholicism which is practiced by 41.75% of the population, followed by Shintoism which is practiced by 14.21% of the population, while the other Nazarene sect is Protestantism which is adhered to by 11.12% of its population. Catholics and Protestants are also adhered to by small communities of Sangunese, Taesongean, Jings and expatriates. About 8.52 percent of the Eurphineonesian community profess Krishnism while another 0.18 percent are Indians, the original believers. 7.9% of the population is non-religious. The Phineaner community is mostly Umraist, while it is practiced by 2.34% of the population, there are small Indian Umraist and Taesongean Umraist communities that have long existed in the city, and the rest are practiced by small Eurphineonesian communities. Karmaism is practiced by 2.04% of the city’s population, most of whom follow either Theravada or Mahayana traditions. Although 0.08% of its population is Jews, traditionally Judaism, it is also practiced by the small Yapreayan community and a small portion of the Springwind Islanders, Scattered Islands Frontier Creole communities and expatriates. 0.8 percent of its population professes Taesongean shamanism. 9.18% of its population profess other religions such as Tianchaodao which are traditionally practiced by the Jing community, Sikhism, Jainism, Bahá’í, Barneyism, Tzuyuism, Jameelahism, Sino-Keltian folk religions and animisms.
Government and politics
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin is one of the individual settlements in the Territory of the Straits Settlements, one of the administrative units of the Phinbellan Maritime Territories. The governance of this collectivity is based on the Straits Settlements Act 2600 and it together with other collectivities adopt and rely on the Straits Settlements laws. Prior to RP 2602, this collectivity was under the administration of the Springwind Islands collectivity. The archipelago’s collectivity is directly administered from Negara Awan by the federal government through the Phinbellan Department of Infrastructure, Transportation, Regional Development and Cities, as well as by a resident administrator, appointed by the President of Phinbella and Chief Executive of the Free area of the Federation. The collectivity is also administered by the Collectivity Land Office headed by collectivity officer, Prebet Tomoki Heiketsu who was appointed in early RP 2616.
The Shire of the Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin are municipal governments for this collectivity and are headed by a president responsible for the development and administration of the archipelago’s collectivity. The local government also has a council with ten seats. The council ran for two years for one term, and the election of council representatives was held after the council conference was dissolved.
Federal politics
Residents of the Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin Collectivity are Phinbellan citizens who also vote in elections at the federal, entity and administrative unit levels. Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin is represented in the Federal Legislative Assembly and the Estates of the Federation by a member for the parliamentary constituency of the Phinbellan Maritime Territories, this collectivity is also represented in the Civil Administration Legislative by a representative for this collectivity starting RP 2617, previously this collectivity represented by representatives for the Ka Va Kok area which covers the downtown area of the Springwind Islands collectivity and military settlements in the Straits Settlements.
Administrative divisions
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin are administratively divided into ten administrative districts, of which the Downtown Core district is the administrative center of this collectivity, it is ruled by an appointed Penggawa. While the districts in this collectivity are divided into 82 villages and it is ruled by the ketua kampung.
- Downtown Core
- Anthony
- Wakaf Saint Lawrence
- Layang-Layangan
- Lubok Temiang
- Padang Yeop
- Bukit Tiu
- Pasio Hor
- Coloane Island
- Interior Providenciales Bonin Islands
- The northwestern islands of Yeop Daiyan Island, Yeop Charles Island, Limbongan Island, and the smaller Kampong Socheong Island are part of the Interior Providenciales Bonin Islands district.
Security, defence and law enforcement
Although Providenciales is north of Phinbellan waters, security and defense in this collectivity including in the Straits Settlements is the responsibility of the federal government, the Phinbellan Armed Forces and the Army of the Federation. There are three active military installations in this collectivity, all of which are owned by the Army of the Federation. A Phinbellan Air Force base is located near the international airport. Coastal security is guarded by naval patrol vessels. The vigilance of the Coast Guard and local Customs and Excise contributes to the maintenance and security of the archipelago and the city itself as among the tourist destinations in Phinbella.
Law enforcement and community policing are provided by the Phinbellan Federal Police Agency. Each of the districts in this collectivity has a district police headquarters and several police stations, except in remote archipelago areas where each of the three mukims has its own police headquarters.
Courts
Health care
Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin have health services at two major public hospitals, namely Providenciales General Hospital in the Downtown Core district and Providenciales Campus Hospital in the University of the Straits Settlements Providenciales Campus in the Layang-Layangan district. In addition to hospitals, there are many public clinics in each village and there are also health centers that provide basic treatment at low prices. Legislation in local traditional medicine is also available.
Each of the remote islands and atolls in this collectivity also has a medical clinic that provides the same services, there is also a hospital ship service that connects the islands in this collectivity. The hospital ship service also sends its patients to the two general hospitals for treatment if serious medical conditions and injuries cannot be treated on the islands, where the distance between the remote islands and two major general hospital is 15 to 50 kilometers.
Economy
Providenciales forms the center of the Triprois Industrial Area, and this collectivity has become a rapidly growing collectivity in the Straits Settlements. The economies of the Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin thrive similarly to the Springwind Islands with resources of crude oil and natural gas, yet international investment and banking services are among the major economies in this collectivity. Just like the Springwind Islands, the Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin are import-export-oriented economies. Commodities from Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin such as crude oil, natural gas, HBI, agricultural products, livestock products, marine products and heavy metals which are almost all exported either to the Free area of the Federation, Oriental Taemhwan, Tanah Tōnán'hyôrï or overseas. Raw materials, parts, and equipment for industrial use as well as consumer products are imported to Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin.
Among the main trading partners of the Providenciales Bonin Islands and Seberang Pyojin are the Free area of the Federation, Oriental Taemhwan, Tanah Tōnán'hyôrï, Forajasaki, Hurmu, New Batavia and the Thraci Confederation. 41% of its exports are metal -based products including cars and 25% of them are crude oil and gas based products.
Providenciales was also the center of manufacturing industry in Phinbella before Penarik and Liancourt Rocks and also in the Straits Settlements, although the city relies on existing natural resources such as crude oil and natural gas which have long thrived in the city, there are several industrial complexes built in the whole city and its environs including on Dinding Island. As a result, part of the Providencialesian economy depended on the manufacturing industry. But in RP 2612, with the establishment of a Providenciales Free Economic Zone, Providenciales is now working to foster new growth industries, including in the commercial sector. Providenciales' main industrial park consists of four industrial complexes, namely Padang Yeop Industrial Area which hosts the local WanDecker factory, Beseri Industrial Area, Padang Pauh-Zambee Industrial Area and Lubok Temiang Industrial Area.
Apart from the districts in Providenciales which are mostly concentrated in the manufacturing industry and international finance, the district of Coloane Island is famous for its livestock industry, especially poultry and meat, as well as agriculture especially vegetable production. There are most of the villages in the Coloane Island district have vegetable gardens and ranch farms. Sea fishing is the most important economic activity for Providencialesian even though it is a metropolitan city. At least 20 percent of the population of Providenciales are fishermen where they catch seafood especially tuna, sardines and anchovies. This metropolitan city has a source of fresh water through the rivers in this city, only freshwater fish farming can be carried out comprehensively, there are 120 freshwater fish farming ponds available in this collectivity, usually on its small rivers.
The bio industry has emerged as a new growth industry in Providenciales in recent years, after Danville, Phinéas Padolski, Politama and Batu Balik. Providenciales ranks second in Phinbella after Politama with a total production capacity of 520kℓ per year at present. In the future, this capacity is growing by a total of 880kℓ by RP 2626. Thanks to the Providenciales International Airport, the logistics industry is experiencing rapid growth, as well as the expansion of the Port of Providenciales.
Transportation
Providenciales Bonin Islands is the major domestic and international transportation hub for Keijinshin metropolitan area after Danville, and for Phinbella after Negara Awan, Rintis Island, Phinéas Padolski and Springwind Islands.
Air
Providenciales International Airport is one of Phinbellan's main international airports, especially in the east, and also the main one in the Keijinshin metropolitan area after Danville. It is a regional air hub. Among the existing airports in Phinbella, Providenciales International Airport is the second busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic after Springwind Islands International Airport, with a count of 29,772,410 passengers in RP 2613 and 34,412,860 passengers in RP 2616. After Springwind Islands as well, the airport is also the second low-cost airport in Phinbella.
The main low -cost carrier based at the airport, Providenciales Express Airlines and several other low-cost airlines such as Straits Toll Global Express and most foreign airlines provide 61.4 percent of flights, while Platypus Airlines and Centrino Air and some foreign airlines provide 38.6 percent of flights.
