| Consonants
|
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximations
|
| b
|
|
buy, cab
|
| ç
|
|
hue
|
| d
|
|
dye, cad, ladder
|
| d͡ʒ
|
|
giant, badge
|
| ð
|
|
thy, breathe, father
|
| f
|
|
fan, leaf
|
| ɡ
|
|
guy, bag
|
| h
|
|
high, ahead
|
| j
|
|
yes, hallelujah
|
| k
|
|
sky, crack
|
| l
|
|
lie, sly, gal
|
| m
|
|
my, smile, cam
|
| n
|
|
nigh, snide, can
|
| ɲ
|
|
canyon
|
| ŋ
|
|
sang, sink, singer
|
| p
|
|
pie, spy, cap
|
| q
|
|
Arabic Quran
|
| r
|
|
trilled rye, try, very
|
| s
|
|
sigh, mass
|
| ʃ
|
|
shy, cash, emotion
|
| t
|
|
tie, sty, cat, latter
|
| t͡s
|
|
cats, Tsar
|
| t͡ʃ
|
|
China, catch
|
| θ
|
|
thigh, math
|
| v
|
|
vine, leave
|
| w
|
|
wine, swine
|
| x
|
|
Scottish loch
|
| ɣ
|
|
Spanish fuego
|
| z
|
|
zoo, has
|
| ʒ
|
|
pleasure, beige
|
| ʔ
|
|
uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/
|
|
| Vowels
|
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximations
|
| ɑ
|
|
palm, bra
|
| ɑː
|
|
long palm, bra
|
| ɑ̤
|
|
breathy palm, bra
|
| ɒ
|
|
lot, blockade
|
| æ
|
|
trap, tattoo
|
| æː
|
|
long trap, tattoo
|
| æ̤
|
|
breathy trap, tattoo
|
| aɪ
|
|
price, pie
|
| aʊ
|
|
mouth, how
|
| ɛ
|
|
dress, prestige
|
| e
|
|
may
|
| eɪ
|
|
face
|
| eɪə
|
|
player
|
| ɪ
|
|
kit, historic
|
| ɪə
|
|
near, serious
|
| i
|
|
fleece, pedigree, idea
|
| i̤
|
|
breathy fleece, pedigree, idea
|
| oʊ
|
|
goat
|
| ɔ
|
|
thought
|
| ɔɪ
|
|
choice
|
| ʊ
|
|
foot
|
| ʊə
|
|
tour, cure
|
| u
|
|
goose, cruel
|
| y
|
|
German über
|
|