Education in Phinbella

This article or section is a work in progress. The information below may be incomplete, outdated, or subject to change.

Education in Phinbella

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Phinbellan Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology	Tengku Armand Zakaria
National education budget (1731 AN)
Budget	ðƒ34.8 billion (kr.34.8 billion)
Per student	ðƒ8.2 million (kr.8.2 million)
General details
Primary languages	Phineaner (official), Taesongean, Batavian and Romansh (national), Istvanistani and Yapreayan
System type	Federal, state or SAR, local, private
Established	-40BP
Literacy (1734 AN)
Total	92.8% (all 12 yrs and above)
Male	92.3% total, 97.4% 12–20 yrs
Female	84.5% total, 91.9% 12–20 yrs
Enrollment
Total	32.8 million with 842 thousand teachers, incl. 1.8 million pre-school
Primary	21.9 million
Secondary	7.3 million
Post secondary	2.8 million
Attainment
Secondary diploma	95.97%
Post-secondary diploma	49.31%

Education in Phinbella, a realm in the Order of the Holy Lakes is managed by the Federal Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Although education is the responsibility of the federal government of Phinbella, each territory of the state, directly-administered territory, special administrative territory and dependent territory has a Department of Education to coordinate educational matters within its territory. The main legislation governing education is the Education Act 2015.

According the law, the Phinbellan education system is divided into four levels: preschool, primary, secondary and higher education, and it starts from the age of four and ends between 17 and 18 years old, with compulsory education at the primary, secondary and higher levels, lasting ten years from the ages of 7 to 17, however, it is used in the Free area of the Federation and dependent territories, While the education system in the special administrative region of Phinbella is different and has a different school calendar, education is compulsory in the special administrative region between the ages of five and eight and ends somewhere between the ages of 16 and 18, in Kōkai was compulsory from ages of 4 to 17, and the Scattered Islands was following Tri-State Area and Oriental Taemhwan rule. Phinbella is a realm that has a variety of different education systems according to each administrative division. The education system in Phinbella is also divided into public and private education, where public education provides free education for all Phinbellan citizens, available from a multilingual national school system. While private education also provides education by charging a monthly fee, can be obtained from private or international educational institutions. Homeschooling is also allowed under certain circumstances. Standardized testing is a common feature in Phinbella and other Phineonesian realms, but unlike that, standardized testing in Phinbella only occurs in grades two and three of high school.

The contemporary Phinbellan education system is a result of the influence of education systems from abroad, which established modern institutions and education systems. The modern Phinbellan education system provides learning at all levels in the national and mother tongue languages. Current education policies in Phinbella focus on promoting lifelong learning, advanced professional education, and internationalizing higher education through initiatives such as accepting more inter-realm and international students even though Phinbella has a very young and growing population since the 1730 AN census.

School levels

The academic year in the Free area of the Federation begins in February, and classes are usually held for five days from Tuesday to Saturday, and four days for Umraists with excludes Friday. The school year is divided into two terms, the first semester from February to June and the second semester from August to December, separated by long school holidays in winter and summer, with mid-term holidays in April and October for one week. In contrast to Kota Hilir, the academic year begins in April and is divided into two terms with six-week summer and winter holidays. In the Scattered Islands, Tri-State Area and Oriental Taemhwan, the academic year usually begins in late August or early September after a 104-day summer vacation, and the end of the school year is in late May or early June, and classes are usually held from Monday to Friday. Tanah Baharu uses the Petrosian education system with two terms, the first starting in July and ending in December, while the second starting in January and ending in June. Compared to regular schools in Phinbella and the SARs, the Umraist religious school has a five-day school schedule starting on Sunday and ending on Thursday, however, the school calendar at Umraist religious schools follows the normal school calendar depending on the respective area. Universities in Phinbella usually have two semesters, with the second semester starting in September or October, incorporating the New Year holiday towards the end of the semester.

The year structure is summarised below:

Typical age	Grade
	Free area of the Federation	Kōkai State	Kota Hilir	Scattered Islands	Oriental Taemhwan	Tri-State Area	Tanah Baharu	Vernacular
								Yap./Jing.	Istvanistani
2+	Pre-school playgroup			Pre-school playgroup (2–5)			Pre-school playgroup		Pre-school
3+									Kindergarten
4+	Kindergarten	Form 1 PK	Kindergarten				Kindergarten	Kindergarten
5+		Form 2 PK		Kindergarten (5–6)
6+		Form 3 PK	1	1st (6–7)			Grade 1 SD (6–7)		Primary 1
7+	Form 1 SK	Form 4 PK	2	2nd (7–8)			Grade 2 SD (7–8)	Primary 1	Primary 2
8+	Form 2 SK	Form 5 PK	3	3rd (8–9)			Grade 3 SD (8–9)	Primary 2	Primary 3
9+	Form 3 SK	Form 6 PK	4	4th (9–10)			Grade 4 SD (9–10)	Primary 3	Primary 4
10+	Form 4 SK	Form 7 PK	5	5th (10–11)			Grade 5 SD (10–11)	Primary 4	Primary 5
11+	Form 5 SK	Form 8 PK	6	6th (11–12)			Grade 6 SD (11–12)	Primary 5	Primary 6
12+	Form 1 SMK	Form 1 YK	1 (7th)	7th (12–13)			Grade 1 SMP (12–13)	Junior Middle 1	Secondary 1
13+	Form 2 SMK	Form 2 YK	2 (8th)	8th (13–14)			Grade 2 SMP (13–14)	Junior Middle 2	Secondary 2
14+	Form 3 SMK	Form 3 YK	3 (9th)	9th / Freshman (14–15)			Grade 3 SMP (14–15)	Junior Middle 3	Secondary 3
15+	Form 4 SMK	Form 4 YK	1 (10th)	10th / Sophomore (15–16)			Grade 1 SMA (15–16)	Senior Middle 1	Secondary 4
16+	Form 1 STK	Form 1 AK	2 (11th)	11th / Junior (16–17)			Grade 2 SMA (16–17)	Senior Middle 2	Secondary 5
17+	Form 2 STK	Form 2 AK	3 (12th)	12th / Senior (17–18)			Grade 3 SMA (17–18)	Senior Middle 3	Secondary 6
18+	Form 3 STK	Form 3 AK	Pre-University					Pre-University
19+	Associate's./|\.Foundation's
20+
21+	Bachelor's
22+
23+	Master's
24+
25+	Ph.D.
26+
27+

Preschool

In Phinbella, there is no fixed rule on when children should start preschool education but the majority will start when the child reaches the age of 2. Preschool education starts from the age of 2 to 6, according to the education policy of each province, this education lasts for 4 to 5 years, before they proceed to primary school at the age of 6-7, unlike in Kōkai state where it lasts only 2 years before they proceed to primary school at the age of 4. Preschool education is divided into two levels, namely the playgroup level for one to 3 years and the kindergarten level for 2 to 3 years. There is no formal preschool curriculum except for formal mandatory training and certification for principals and teachers before they can operate a preschool. This training includes lessons on child psychology, teaching methodology, and other curriculum related to child care and development. Preschool education is not compulsory sometimes it can be compulsory in some places.

Preschool education is provided entirely by the government through the Phinbellan Department of Community Development, as well as religious groups including the Pusat Tunas Umra (PASTU). However, registered private providers also provide such education, especially in urban areas. Several primary schools in Phinbella have attached preschool sections, especially in rural areas. Registered preschools are subject to zoning regulations and must comply with other regulations such as health inspections, fire hazard assessments and educational guidelines. Many preschools are located in high-density residential areas, where otherwise compliant residential units are converted into schools.

Elementary school

Peringgit Elementary School in Bokor, Kōkai, circa II.1740 AN

Primary education in Phinbella is compulsory and begins at the age of four in Kōkai, six in all SARs and Scattered Islands or seven in the federation, lasting five, six or eight years. This primary education is known as Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK) in the federation, Sekolah Dasar (SD) in Tanah Baharu and Peruskoutlu (PK) in Kōkai and Nod-Krai. In the territories in the federation, this education is referred to as Form 1 to Form 5, even in Kōkai it is referred to as Form 1 to Form 8. In the Scattered Islands, Oriental Taemhwan and Tri-State Area, primary school refers to Grade 1 to Grade 5 or 6, as is the case in Tanah Baharu. Students are promoted to the next form regardless of their academic performance, however, students with very excellent performance will be promoted not one level, but two levels, while students with the worst performance will not be promoted, and some are even stranded in Form 5 (or Form 8) due to bad behavior.

Interestingly in Phinbella, primary education in the federation, Kōkai and Kota Hilir as well as Yapreayan and Jingdaoese vernacular schools have a wide range of subjects, with small classrooms and rarely more than twenty students. Compulsory subjects are the study of Phineaner, Taesongean, Batavian and Sangunese, especially reading and writing, Mathematics, Science and Moral Education, students in grades one to five (or eight) spend from four to ten periods each week taking classes in art, music, cooking, carpentry, metalwork, textiles and respective religion education, which are optional subjects but must be provided by the school. The atmosphere in the school varies by region, being likely to be relaxed and informal, although student behavior must be emphasized by the teacher. In the federation, Kōkai and Kota Hilir, outdoor activities are strongly emphasized, even in the coldest weather; and no homework is given to leave room for extracurricular activities. In contrast, in the Tri-State Area, Oriental Taemhwan and the Scattered Islands, homework is required as part of the grade.

Primary education in the federation, Kōkai and Kota Hilir is very complex where reading for pleasure is actively encouraged, which is why the Ministry has published more children's books than any other realm or country. Television stations such as TPP show foreign programs in the original language with subtitles, so that in those parts of Phinbella children can read while watching TV. Schools in Tanah Baharu, Oriental Taemhwan, Tri-State Area and the Scattered Islands only show TV shows to a limited extent.

During the first year of elementary school, grading may be limited to oral assessments rather than formal grades. The introduction of numerical grading is decided locally. Typically, students are given report cards twice a year: at the end of the autumn and spring. There are no high-stakes tests/examinations for schools in the federation, Kōkai and Kota Hilir and vernacular schools before continuing to secondary school, except for Sekolah Dasar in Tanah Baharu and schools that follow the Tanah Baruan curriculum that require examinations. Kompleks Sekolah Negeri Swasta (KSNS; including the secondary school) is a school complex in Phinbella that has two different curriculums between the federal and Tanah Baharu and usually has its own examinations. Schools in the Tri-State Area, Oriental Taemhwan and the Scattered Islands often have high-stakes tests that must be taken before proceeding to high school there.

School types and medium of instruction

Public primary schools are divided into two categories based on the medium of instruction:

• National language-medium National Schools (Sekolah Kebangsaan, SK/Sekolah Dasar, SD/Peruskoutlu, PK)
• non-Phineaner-medium National-type Schools (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan, SJK), also known as "vernacular schools", further divided into
  • National-type School (Yapreayan) (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Yapreay), SJK(Y)), Yapreayan-medium
  • National-type School (Istvanistani) (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Istvanistan), SJK(I)), Istvanistani-medium
  • National-type School (Jingdaoese) (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Jingdao), SJK(J)), Jingdaoese-medium
  • National-type School (Eeshan) (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Eeshan), SJK (E)), Eeshan-medium

All schools accept students regardless of racial and linguistic background.

Three of the national languages; Phineaner, Taesongean and Batavian, and two foreign languages; Istvanistani and Sangunese are compulsory subjects in all schools in Phinbella (except in the Tri-State Area, the Scattered Islands and Oriental Taemhwan where only their official languages ​​are compulsory). All schools use the same syllabus for non-language subjects regardless of the medium of instruction. The teaching of Yapreayan in SJK(Y) is compulsory, as is Jingdaoese in SJK(J) and Eeshan in SJK(E), while the teaching of Yapreayan, Jingdaoese and Eeshan must be provided in National Schools but is optional, as are Romansh and mother tongues wherever practical, if the parents of at least 15 pupils in the school request that the language be taught.

Mathematics and Science learning must be done in Phineaner, Istvanistani and their vernacular. In RP 2616, mixed medium of instruction was introduced so that students can learn Science and Mathematics in Istvanistani.

All types of schools in Phinbella including SK, SD and PK are owned and operated by the government, while National-type Schools are mostly government-aided, although some are government-owned.

Secondary school

Middle school

Classroom in the National Middle School.

Public secondary education in Phinbella is provided by the National Middle School (Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan; SMK); the Junior High School (Sekolah Menengah Pertama; SMP) in Tanah Baharu; or Yutläkoutlu (YK) in Kōkai and Nod-Krai, covering three to four levels, namely Form 1 to Form 4 in SMK and YK and Grade 1 to Grade 3 in SMP, with children usually aged twelve to fifteen. In schools in the Tri-State Area, Oriental Taemhwan and the Scattered Islands, junior secondary school usually refers to Grade 6/7 to Grade 8/9 and this education is compulsory for ages 11 to 15. Secondary education lasts for three to four years. Most students who have completed primary education are admitted to Form 1 SMK and YK/Grade 1 SMP/Grade 6. Students from national-type primary schools throughout Phinbella have an additional requirement to obtain a minimum grade of D in the subjects Phineaner, Taesongean and Sangunese at the end of primary school, failing which they will have to attend a year-long transition class, commonly called "Transition", before proceeding to Form/Grade 1 or Grade 6. Lower secondary education or middle school is also provided by private schools including international schools, but they require expensive fees. According to statistics, there were 4.8 million middle school students in Phinbella in 1743 AN, down from over 6.1 million in 1728 AN. The number of middle schools has increased year by year due to the addition of Phinbellan territory outside Phineonesia proper. The number of middle school teachers has also changed and even increased. Almost 72 percent of students attend public middle schools including those in rural areas, while the rest attend private middle schools, especially in urban areas.

Secondary schools in Phinbella use Phineaner as the main medium of instruction as Phineaner is one of the four national languages ​​of Phinbella while the other national languages; Taesongean, Batavian (including Afrikaans) and Romansh, as well as two foreign languages; Istvanistani and Sangunese are compulsory subjects in all secondary schools. Except in the Tri-State Area, Oriental Taemhwan and the Scattered Islands, middle schools use Istvanistani (sometimes Sangunese) as the language of instruction, meanwhile in the Tanah Baharu they use Petrosian-Indokistani (the standard variant of Phineaner in the territory) as the language of instruction. Similar to primary schools, Mathematics and Science are taught in Phineaner and Istvanistani. Lower secondary education (middle school) in Phinbella is compulsory for those who have completed primary school.

Teaching in secondary schools in Phinbella is usually lecture-based and sometimes informal like in primary schools but this is rare. Teachers also use other media, such as television and radio, and there is some laboratory work. From 38% in RP 2600, this increased to 81% of secondary schools having computer labs in 1740 AN, especially in rural areas, including schools that use them only for administrative purposes.

Middle schools must provide instruction in vernacular languages ​​including Yapreayan, Jingdaoese and Eeshan, as well as indigenous languages ​​wherever practical, upon request of parents of at least 15 students in the school as in primary schools. In addition, foreign languages ​​may be taught in certain schools. The middle school curriculum in Phinbella includes national languages ​​(or official language learning in some places), social studies, mathematics, science, music, fine arts, health, and physical education. All students are also exposed to industrial and homemaking arts. Moral education and special activities continue to receive attention. Co-curricular activities are mandatory at the middle school level, with all students required to participate in at least 2 to 3 activities for most states and territories including Kota Hilir and Tanah Baharu, and 4 activities for the Tri-State Area, Oriental Taemhwan and Scattered Islands; in Kōkai, they are required to participate in 6 activities including Saurian care and training activities. There are many co-curricular activities offered at the middle level, varying from school to school and each student is assessed based on the subject. Competitions and performances are regularly organised. Co-curricular activities are usually categorised under: Uniformed Groups, Performing Arts, Clubs & Societies, Sports & Games in most states and territories, Indigenous Martial Arts and Saurian Training in Kōkai. Students can also participate in more than 3 co-curricular activities.

Like elementary schools, middle schools in the federation (including Kōkai) and Kota Hilir also do not have exams to continue their studies to high school, they also have assessment through report cards. However, middle schools in the Tri-State Area, Oriental Taemhwan and the Scattered Islands, as well as in Tanah Baharu also have high-stakes exams like the elementary schools there.

A subset of public middle schools are known as National Type Middle Schools (Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan, SMJK). Previously, middle education would be provided in the Phineaner-medium National Middle Schools and the Istvanistani-medium National Type Middle Schools. However, there are also Yapreayan and Jingdaoese-medium middle schools. Istvanistani-medium national type middle schools were abolished in RP 2600, while Yapreayan and Jingdaoese-medium schools were given allocations by the government, on the condition that they accept the federal curriculum but maintain their language as the medium of instruction. In Tanah Baharu, vernacular middle schools do not exist, and students speaking other languages ​​usually only attend junior high school.

High school

High school education in Phinbella is provided by National High Schools (Sekolah Tinggi Kebangsaan; STK) in the federation; Senior High Schools (Sekolah Menengah Atas; SMA) in Tanah Baharu; or Amattlikoutlu (AK) in Kōkai and Nod-Krai. High school education lasts for two years, referring to Form 1 and Form 2 in the federation. In the federation, high school education is compulsory for Form 1 for age 16 and Form 2 for age 17; in Kōkai also lasts for two years referring to Form 1 and Form 2 but it's formerly not compulsory but it has been compulsory for students since 1736 AN; in Kota Hilir, high school education is also not compulsory but many middle school graduates enroll in high school; for the Scattered Islands, Tri-State Area and Oriental Taemhwan, it refers to Grade 9/10 to Grade 12 and is compulsory for ages 14 to 18 and lasts for four years; similarly in Tanah Baharu but it refers to Grade 1 SMA to Grade 3 SMA and is also compulsory for three years. Public high schools account for about 64% of all high schools in Phinbella and some are also provided by private high schools including international schools. As of 1736 AN, public high schools in Phinbella no longer charge tuition fees, while private and national high schools are free in certain regions including Negara Awan, the federal territories and the special self-governing territories. The medium of instruction for high schools in Phinbella is the Phineaner; except in the Tri-State Area, Oriental Taemhwan and the Scattered Islands which use Istvanistani (sometimes Sangunese) as the medium of instruction and also in Tanah Baharu which uses Petrosian-Indokistani.

Influenced by the diverse education system, the most common type of high school has a full-time general program that offers academic courses for students preparing for higher education as well as technical and vocational courses for students who expect to find employment after graduation. A small number of high schools in Phinbella offer part-time programs, evening courses, or correspondence education.

The basic academic curriculum in high schools has included Phineaner, Istvanistani, mathematics, science, history, and geography, while foreign and regional language learning is optional, unless high schools must provide instruction in other national languages, as well as Yapreayan and Jingdaoese. High schools also provide vocational instruction. As in middle schools, co-curricular activities are also mandatory in high schools. In high schools in Phinbella, differences in ability are initially generally recognized, and course content and course selection are much more individualized in the second year. However, there is a core of academic material throughout all programs.

To complete high school, Form 2 STK/YK students are required to take the Phinbellan Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (DSE; Peperiksaan Diploma Pendidikan Menengah Phinbella; 핀벨라 중등교육 졸업장 시험; Phinbellanse Diploma van het Secundair Onderwijs Examen; フィンベラの中等教育卒業証書試験). DSEE is also required for Year 2 students in Kota Hilir; Grade 12 in the Tri-State Area, Oriental Taemhwan and Scattered Islands; Grade 3 SMA in Tanah Baharu; SM 2 for Yapreayan and Jingdaoese schools; Secondary 5 for Istvanistani schools. DSE is based on the O-Level examination and influenced by the examination system in Sangunese-speaking countries. PhDSE subjects that must be tested are Phineaner, Taesongean, Batavian, Sangunese, Mathematics, Science, History, as well as Umraism Education for Umraist students and Moral Education for non-Umraist students. PhDSE is only conducted in designated regions, for example in the federation including Kōkai and Kota Hilir it is conducted near the end of the year, while in the Scattered Islands, Tri-State Area and Oriental Taemhwan, as well as Tanah Baharu it is only conducted near the middle of the year. Students who obtain the highest position or the number of A's in more than 4 main subjects can qualify for admission to selected universities, whether local universities or universities in other realms.

Post-secondary education

After sitting the DSE, public high school students have the choice of either continuing their studies in Form 3 in the federation including Kōkai; Year 3 in Kota Hilir; Senior Middle 3 in vernacular schools; Secondary 6 in Istvanistani schools or to matriculation (pre-university), pre-university education is also provided by public and private high schools and this education is not compulsory, unlike Grade 12 or Grade 3 which is compulsory. This education is for those aged 18 in the federation including Kōkai and aged 17 in vernacular schools and in Kota Hilir. If accepted to continue their studies in Form 6, they will also participate in the Final Higher Education Examination (PAPT; Peperiksaan Akhir Pendidikan Tinggi) which is based on the A Level examination. Unlike the DSE which is controlled by the Phinbellan Examination Board, the PAPT is regulated by the Phinbellan High Examination Council.

Meanwhile, matriculation education is provided by the public matriculation college in Phinbella, all DSE graduates can apply for matriculation. This matriculation is a one or two-year program run by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The two-year program was introduced in the -10BPs.

School subjects and curriculum

The following is the set of compulsory subjects currently taught in the Phinbellan education system from the primary to high levels:

Type of subjects	Region
	Free area of the Federation	Kōkai State	Kota Hilir	Scattered Islands	Oriental Taemhwan	Tri-State Area	Tanah Baharu	Vernacular
								Yapreayan	Jingdaoese	Istvanistani
Compulsory subjects	Phineaner, Taesongean, Batavian (national language)			Phineaner, Istvanistani			Petrosian-Indokistani	Yapreayan language	Jingdaoese language	Istvanistani language
	Istvanistani, Sangunese			Sangunese			Snezhnayan, Thraci	Istvanistani, Sangunese and national languages
	Arithmetic, mathematics, additional mathematics Science, technology, etc. Social studies (history, geography, civics, and Genshin studies). Moral education (for non-Umraists) Umraism education (for Umraists)
Elective subjects	Physical education (health, sports, etc.) Informatics, information technology, etc. Arts (music, visual arts, crafts, etc.) Home economics, etc. Indigenous languages			Physical education (health, sports, etc.) Informatics, information technology, etc. Arts (music, visual arts, crafts, etc.) Home economics, etc.
	Other foreign languages	Saurian training Other foreign languages	Other foreign languages

In Phinbellan elementary, middle, and high schools, textbooks that have passed the certification process from the Ministry of Education (MEXT) must be used.

Multilanguage Program (MLP)

The Multilingual Program (MLP or PBB) is an educational initiative implemented by the Ministry of Education under the National Language Empowerment Policy, which is learning in Phineaner, Taesongean and Batavian at the federal level, while Romansh in its speaking areas, this policy is widely used in several states except in Oriental Taemhwan and now in the Scattered Islands.