Treaty of Ciudad Howard

The Treaty between Hurmu and Alduria-Wechua, also known as the Treaty of Ciudad Howard, is the foundational treaty to govern the relations between Hurmu and Alduria-Wechua (later known as Nouvelle Alexandrie). It was signed on 9.IV.1691. Both countries' legislatures ratified the treaty the next day with acclamation.

Background

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After the sudden and violent dissolution of Stormark in 1685, Hurmu staters established the Hurmu Trust Territory in northern Lyrica. Around the same time, Alduria-Wechua began pacifying southern Lyrica. With more power than Hurmu, Alduria-Wechua's pacification was quicker, while Hurmu focused its intentions of reunifying its homeland (see also the its take-over of Craitland's overseas territory of Lakkvia). As such, it was not long before Alduria-Wechua's and Hurmu's borders met one another. As this was Hurmu's first actual border with a sovereign state, it was the Hurmu government's intention to formalize a valid treaty for all intents and purposes between these countries.

In so doing, the Hurmu government sent Senator Catarina de Todos los Santos u-Kart, an Alexandrian by birth (with a Hurmu mother), to several meetings with the Aldurian-Wechuan leadership. In the end, the two countries had agreed on the basic outline of a treaty, and an intensive negotiations phase occurred in Ciudad de Howard, where the two countries are shortly expected to sign the final treaty.

The final treaty was inspired by the Mango-Camel Pact (1532 AN) between Babkha and Shireroth.

Text of the Treaty

Treaty of Ciudad Howard

Preamble

The Senate of the Lakes and the Government of the Federation of Alduria and the Wechua-Nation,

AFFIRMING the spirit of friendship and cooperation on which relations between the two States are based, and wishing to place their relations on an even closer and more concrete basis;

ACKNOWLEDGING the importance to each State of the wide-ranging relationship between them and the close and enduring connection between the well-being of their peoples;

WISHING to enhance the valuable contribution to their relations made by the existing agreements between the two States in various fields;

RESOLVED to provide wider opportunities for their governments and their peoples to work together in a spirit of understanding on matters of mutual interest in the political, economic, trade, commercial, social, and cultural;

DESIRING to foster peace and security within a proper framework, through voluntary arrangements which will further the ability of nations dedicated to peace and prosperity to develop effective measures for individual and collective self-defence in support of those purposes and principles;

REAFFIRMING their belief in the sovereignty of Hurmu and the Federation of Alduria and the Wechua-Nation, and as sovereign States possess the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence;

CONVINCED of the importance of strengthening and diversifying their relations on an equitable and mutually advantageous basis in a long-term perspective;

RECOGNIZING that cooperation between the two States should have in view not only their own mutual benefit but also their common interest in the prosperity and welfare of other nations, including those in the international community;

CONVINCED that the conclusion of a Treaty which formally embodies and further advances the friendship and cooperation between the governments and peoples of the two nations will facilitate the further development of their relations;

HAVE RESOLVED to conclude this Treaty and for that purpose have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries:

FOR THE SENATE OF THE LAKES

Catarina de Todos los Santos u-Kart, Senator of the Lakes

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATION OF ALDURIA AND THE WECHUA NATION

Vicaquirao Alvarez, Vice-President and Secretary of State

Who, having communicated to each other their full powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed as follows:

Operative parts

Article I: Friendship

1. The basic of relations between Hurmu and the Federation of Alduria and the Wechua-Nation shall be based on enduring peace and friendship between the two States and their peoples.
2. The objective of the present Treaty shall be to extend and strengthen relations between the Contracting Parties, in particular by promoting understanding between the two States and their peoples and by developing cooperation on matters of mutual interest.
3. The Contracting Parties, noting that the agreements existing between them are consistent with the objective expressed in paragraph 2 of this Article, may enter into further agreements between them, wherever necessary, on matters dealt with in the present Treaty or on other matters, including those not covered by the existing agreements.
4. The Contracting Parties, in order to more effective achieve the objectives of this Treaty, separately and jointly by self-help and mutual aid will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack and other evils of the world.

Article II: Mutual Cooperation

1. The Contracting Parties, recognizing the importance of peaceful and friendly relations among nations in the international community, shall cooperate with each other in maintaining and strengthening those relations.
2. The Contracting Parties agree to pursue understanding in all matters of mutual interest, avoiding use or threat to use force as a valid diplomatic manoeuvre between them.
3. The Contracting Parties shall endeavour to facilitate, strengthen and diversify mutual understanding and cooperation in such areas of mutual interest as the political, economic, legal, social, cultural, professional, sporting and environmental fields. To this end, the Contracting Parties shall encourage and promote in these fields, to the fullest extent practicable, appropriate study and research, exchange of information, knowledge, and other suitable activities.
4. The Contracting Parties shall make available resources for political and educational strategies to counter the negative effects of Vanicism, feudalism, bigotry, and other evils of that plague the world.
5. The Contracting Parties undertake to strengthen their free institutions and to cooperate with each other in the development of economic progress and social well-being and to further their individual and collective efforts toward these ends.
6. The Contracting Parties shall also develop mutual understanding and cooperation in those international organizations of which both Contracting Parties are members and which are concerned with any of the fields referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.
7. The Contracting Parties shall collaborate closely with each other in developing the mutual understanding and cooperation referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article. To this end, they shall hold consultations, whenever necessary, on matters in the fields referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, making use, where appropriate, of the means provided for in existing agreements or arrangements.
8. The Parties shall contribute toward the further development of peaceful and amicable relations by strengthening their free institutions, by bringing about a better understanding upon which these institutions are founded, and by promoting conditions of stability and well-being. They will seek to eliminate conflict in their policies and encourage collaboration between both parties.

Article III: Fair Treatment

1. Each Contracting Party shall accord to the nationals of the other Contracting Party fair and equitable treatment with respect to matters relating to their business and professional activities, provided that in no case shall such treatment be discriminatory between nationals of the other Contracting Party and nationals of any third State.
2. The property of nationals of one Contracting Party of the other Contracting Party shall not be compulsorily taken unless for a public purpose and unless prompt, adequate and effective compensation is paid. Without prejudice to the foregoing, with respect to all matters dealt with in this paragraph, the nationals of one Contracting Party shall be accorded of the other Contracting Party treatment which shall in no case be discriminatory between those nationals and nationals of any third State.

Article IV: Definition of Territory

1. The Contracting Parties agree, the purposes of bilateral relations, on considering sovereign territory of each other such territory as indicated by the MCS Council, and such waters as are referred to as sovereign under the Micras Treaty Organization Convention on the Laws of the Seas.
2. At the invitation of any one of the signatories of this Treaty the Contracting States shall hold consultations whenever there are reasonable grounds for the belief that the territorial integrity, independence, or security of any one of the parties is threatened. In the event of the threat of war or the existence of an emergency, the Contracting States shall immediately proceed to unify their plans and defensive measures, as the situation may demand

Article V: Non-Aggression and Security Cooperation

1. The Contracting Parties compromise themselves, in foreign and internal affairs, to:
   1. Never facilitate or allow within its borders to be prepared, sponsored or in any way supported rebellions, coups d'etat and conspiracies against the other Contracting Party;
   2. Condemn and abstain from recognizing illegal secessions or separatist movements from the other Contracting Party, unless sovereignty of these groups are unquestionable;
   3. Inform immediately the other Contracting Party, whenever discovered, about substantial threats to its sovereignty, integrity or reputation.
2. The Alduria-Wechua grants, and Hurmu accepts, the right to dispose Hurmu forces in and about the territory of the Federation as determined by mutual agreement.
3. Hurmu grants, and the Federation of Alduria and the Wechua-Nation accepts, the right to dispose Aldurian-Wechuan forces in and about the territory of Hurmu as determined by mutual agreement.
4. Hurmu grants the Federation of Alduria and the Wechua-Nation, and the Federation of Alduria and the Wechua-Nation accepts, the responsibility to monitor, for ten years, the airspace of Lyrican Hurmu.
5. The High Contracting Parties solemnly declare that they condemn unwarranted wars of aggression in their mutual relations or in those with other States, and that the settlement of disputes or controversies of any kind that may arise among them shall be effected only by the pacific means which have the sanction of international law.
6. They declare that as between the High Contracting Parties territorial questions must not be settled by violence, and that they will not recognize any territorial arrangement which is not obtained by pacific means, nor the validity of the occupation or acquisition of territories that may be brought about by force of arms
7. In case of noncompliance, by any state engaged in a dispute, with the obligations contained in the foregoing articles, the contracting states undertake to make every effort for the maintenance of peace. To that end they will adopt in their character a common approach; they will exercise the political, juridical, or economic means available to them under law; they will bring the influence of public opinion to bear, but will in no case resort to intervention, either diplomatic or armed; unless authorised by virtue of other collective treaties to which such states are signatories.
8. Nothing in this Article shall prohibit either Contracting Party from using such violence as may be necessary and legal to uphold order, either in their respective territories, because of obligations under international law, or to manage territories in the Green.

Article VI: Diplomatic Representation

1. The Senators of the Lakes, the Prime Minister of Hurmu and the Ambassador of Hurmu before Alduria-Wechua shall enjoy full sovereign immunity whilst within the jurisdiction of Alduria-Wechua.
2. The King of Alduria-Wechua, the President of the Government of Alduria-Wechua, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the said Federation, and the Ambassador of Alduria-Wechua before Hurmu shall enjoy full sovereign immunity whilst within the jurisdiction of Hurmu.
3. Upon the ratifying this Treaty, there shall be:
   1. Established in Kingdom of Hurmu: an Embassy of the Federation of Alduria and the Wechua-Nation, which shall be occupied by an Ambassador appointed by the King of Alduria-Wechua and accepted by the Senate of the Lakes; and consulates-general in the cities of Kaupang and Ghawlama with properly accredited consuls general.
   2. Established in the Federation of Alduria and the Wechua Nation: an embassy of Hurmu, which shall be occupied by an Ambassador appointed by the Senate of the Lakes and accepted by the King of Alduria-Wechua; and consulates-general in the cities of Lausanne and Punta Santiago, and consulates in the cities of Fauquier, Quesque and Punta Norte.
4. There shall be appointed an Ambassador to act as representative of a Contracting Party in the other. The Ambassadors shall have full citizenship of the Contracting Party of origin and shall have proper credentials approved by competent diplomatic or immigration authorities to be considered empowered.
5. Each Contracting Party are allowed to demand immediate removal of the Ambassador, at any time since arrival and without notice.

Article VII: Extradition

1. The Contracting Parties agree to extradite to each other, subject to the provisions of this Article, people found in the territory of one of the Contracting Parties who have been charged with, are being tried for, or have been found guilty of an extraditable offence in the Requesting State.
2. The crimes against humanity, or the crimes of treason, spionage, terrorism, or any offence that may be punished by banishment or imprisonment under the laws of both Contracting Parties shall be considered extraditable offences. #An offence shall be an extraditable offence whether or not the laws of the Contracting Parties place the offence within the same category of offences or denominate the offence by the same terminology.
3. Extradition shall be granted for an extraditable offence regardless of where the act or acts constituting the offence were committed.
4. Extradition shall not be granted when, accordingly to the classification of the Requesting State, the individual is persecuted for political offences or when extradition is being asked solely for political reasons.
5. A Hurmu citizen may not be extradited from Hurmu to Alduria-Wechua.
6. A citizen of Alduria-Wechua may not be extradited from Alduria-Wechua to Hurmu.

Article VIII: Trade and visa rules

1. The Parties establish a trade commission to oversee trade between them. Its headquarters shall be in Kaupang.
2. The Parties shall allow visa-free travel between them, for their citizens who have no other nationalities and who are habitually resident in either of them.

Article IX: Final Provisions

1. Nothing in the present Treaty shall affect the validity of agreements which are in force between the Contracting Parties at the date of signature of the present Treaty.
2. The Contracting Parties shall periodically review, at the departmental level, the general operation of the present Treaty with a view to ensuring that the purposes of the present Treaty are being fully realized.
3. This Treaty shall last indefinitely and it shall only be revoked by previous advice to the other Contracting Party, altogether with an explanation of reasons.

IN WITNESS THEREOF the above named Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty and have affixed thereto their seals.

Done at Ciudad de Howard this 9.IV.1691.

FOR THE SENATE OF THE LAKES

Catarina de Todos los Santos u-Kart

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERATION OF ALDURIA AND THE WECHUA NATION

Vicaquirao Alvarez, Vice-President and Secretary of State.

See also

• Hurmu–Nouvelle Alexandrie relations
• Foreign relations of Hurmu
• Foreign affairs of Nouvelle Alexandrie
• Hurmu Ruins Treaty