Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner

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Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner

Bahasa Phineaner Tanah Tōnán'hyôrï
Bahase Tanɑh Tōnán'hyôrï Base Tanɑh Tōnán'hyôrï
Spoken natively in	Phinbella  Hurmu
Region	Tanah Tōnán'hyôrï
Ethnicity	Tōnán'hyôrïans Phinbellan Aliens in Tanah Tōnán'hyôrï Tōnán'hyôrïan Bentengs
Number of speakers	818,193 (L1) 9,810 (L2)
Language family	Creole Gangwol-based creole Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner
Writing system	Latin
Source	Mixture of Gangwol Phineaner, Taemhwanian-Barbarite, Hiliorian Phineaner, Cocos Phineaner, Baba Phineaner, Ssamaritan Phineaner, Yapreayan and Gogobugian, also mixed with Batavian, Petjok, Arboric, Yäärrish, Hebrew, Common Tongue, Sangunese and Taemhwanian Hokkien
Official status
Official language in	Not official, vernacular of the  Tanah Tōnán'hyôrï
Regulated by	Phinbellan Languages Studies Association

Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner (Phineaner: Bahasa Phineaner Tanah Tōnán'hyôrï) is a creole based on the Gangwol Phineaner dialect, and is a highly evolved speech pattern for the Tōnán'hyôrïans, a Eurphineonesian ethnic group native to the Tanah Tōnán'hyôrï. It is also spoken throughout this territory as well as the Tōnán'hyôrïan community in the Phinbellan mainland, also spoken by the Benteng community and the Phinbellan Aliens community who living in this territory. It is also sometimes referred to as Tōnán'hyôrïan speech or Tōnán'hyôrïan slang. Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner differs from Pyeongrang Phineaner (a Zaipinichi Peranakans native language) and Ryukchin Phineaner (a Ryukchiners native language) especially at the basilectal level, yet the Tōnán'hyôrïan dialect has many similarities with Springwind Islands Phineaner because it shares vocabulary and word expression. It is a native language for more than 800 thousand speakers, and is also a second language for nearly 10 thousand speakers.

As a Phinbellan dependent territory, Phineaner (especially Phinbellan), Taesongean and Common Tongue are the official languages ​​of the territory, but the main spoken language is Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner, and this speech pattern is made vernacular in the territory, sometimes by the rest of the population in the territory. these use Ssamaritan Phineaner or other Phineaner accents as their speech. Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner is a mixed language, which is a mixture of various languages ​​and dialects, including Gangwol, Taemhwanian-Barbarite, Hiliorian, Ssamaritan, Peranakan and Cocos dialects in terms of phonology and lexicology, in fact it has elements of Yapreayan, Xenovian and Gogobugian and has vocabulary influences from the Common Tongue, Forajasakian and Indokistani, this speech pattern also has a strong influence with Batavian, Petjok, Arboric, Yäärrish, Hebrew, Sangunese and Sino-Keltian languages ​​(especially Hokkien with some Hakka elements), as well as having little Adarani and Eeshan influence.

Characteristics

Expression

The expressions of this dialect are the words of expression often uttered by the Tōnán'hyôrïans at a particular time, they are equated with the Springwind Islands Phineaner. It is often expressed either when feelings of shock, awe, suspicion or lack of confidence and other feelings that are appropriate for such a situation.

Expression	Usage	Example
wei	When surprised, angry, puzzled or amazed	wei naa, bɒsoːnye ugɑk baju aok ni
ui		ui naa, aok jangé wat pasél!
ai		ai, lai' macha' ni weh
ya ampun	When feeling surprised or disappointed.	ya ampun, sépe sugoh wat kɔje gini
astaga		astaga, aok bioː betik

Greetings

Just like the expression of this dialect, the way of rebuke is the same in this dialect is also the same as the dialect of the Springwind Islands. This method is meant to interact such as greeting, saying goodbye, reprimanding and so on. However, the way of greeting in this dialect has elements of Eeshan language.

Greetings	Usage	Example
oi	The form of greeting hello or hai in informal form	oi, aok ape kaboː
	Reprimand someone's behavior in an angry tone	oi, aok jangé pigi gumɒh nu ah, ande antu!
ayok	It means "come on" or "let's go", used to invite someone	ayok ah rraye gumɒh Wak Abu
moh		moh pigi mandi ttibi' sungéь
wei	Reprimand the second party who is unaware of the presence of the first party	wei, boh ratang ni!
dei	It means hei, but depending on the situation	dei~ Sasuke!
nei	To emphasize to remember something	nei, dak kkuni' jé nu, kɒne magɑh nga mak pak diye
	To emphasize pointing to something	nei~ tandaħ ikut alah nu ah

Phonology

In general, like other Phineaner dialects and creoles, these creoles can be distinguished from Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan language) and Gangwol Phineaner by phonological changes at word endings. This phonological system is similar to the Gangwol Phineaner and its creole, but this speech pattern is more likely to be Gangwol sub-dialects in Negara Awan or Phinbellan Maritime Territories, however it has been distinguished due to the influence of other Phineaner dialects such as Taemhwanian-Barbarite, Hiliorian and Oranje following the migration of the Phineaner community to this territory. The differences between Standard Phineaner, Gangwol Phineaner and Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner are shown in the following table.

Vocals

It is similar to the Phineaner Gangwol, the endings of "an", "am" and "ang" are different, the endings of "an" such as tangan (/taŋan/) and makan (/makan/) are highly prone to Taemhwanian-Barbarite dialects like other creoles compared to the original Gangwol dialect, for example, where tangan (/taŋan/) is changed to tangé ([taŋɛ̃]). At the end of "am" or "ang", it is also changed whether it is dropped or changed to "ang" only like the original Gangwol dialect, for example ulang (/ulaŋ/) is changed to ula' ([ula^ŋ]), it is an abortion of the spelling, but in terms of pronunciation it was also altered and almost dropped.

Word	Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan)	Gangwol Phineaner (Negara Awan)		Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner		Meaning
tangan	/taŋan/	tangai	[taŋæ̃]	tangé	[taŋɛ̃]	hand
kanan	/kanan/	kanai	[kanæ]	kané	[kanɛ̃]	right (direction)
tulang	/tulaŋ/	tulang	[tulãŋ]	tula'	[tulaŋ]	bone
abang	/abaŋ/	abang	[abãŋ]	aba'	[abaŋ]	older brother
ayam	/ajam/	ayang	[ajãŋ]	aya'	[ajaŋ]	chicken
peram	/pəram/	peghang	[pəɣãŋ]	pɒga'	[paɣaŋ]~[pagaŋ]	peel

In Tōnán'hyôrïan creole, there is even an ending "n", "ng" or "m" after a vowel other than "a", it is also changed by dropping it in spelling and replacing it with a sign such as ï ([iɛ̃ˀ]) or o' ([ɔ̃ᵊˀ] or [ɔ̃ˀ]), somewhat like the Gangwol dialect however it is a little different in terms of its pronunciation, even that by way of dropping or adding it as well. As for the ending "un" in the Gangwol dialect it becomes "ui", but in Tōnán'hyôrïan speech, the ending "un" (/un/) has been changed to u' ([wˀ]), just as adun (/adun/) has been changed to adu' ([adwˀ]).

Word	Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan)	Gangwol Phineaner (Negara Awan)		Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner		Meaning
angin	/aŋin/	angé	[aŋiɛ̃]	angï	[aŋiɛ̃ˀ]	wind
alim	/alim/	alé	[aliɛ̃]	alï	[aliɛ̃ˀ]	pious
pening	/pəɲiŋ/	pené	[pəɲiɛ̃]	pinï	[peɲiɛ̃ˀ]	dizzy
tahun	/tahun/	taui	[tawɛ̃]	tau'	[tawˀ]	year
daun	/da.un/	daui	[dawɛ]	dau'	[dawˀ]	leaf
hidung	/hiduŋ/	idong	[idɔ̃ᵊ]	ido'	[idɔ̃ˀ]	nose
jantung	/d͡ʒantuŋ/	jantong	[dʒantɔ̃ᵊ]	janto'	[dʒantɔ̃ˀ]	heart
minum	/minum/	minom	[minɔ̃]	mino'	[minɔ̃ˀ]	drink (verb)
belum	/bəlum/	belom	[bəlɔ̃ᵊ]	bɒlo'	[balɔ̃ˀ]	before

In Tōnán'hyôrïan speech, the letter "p" or "t" after the vowel is replaced by the pronunciation [ʔ], but in terms of spelling, the letter is retained or replaced with "k". The letter "a" is usually retained, while the letter "i" is replaced by "é" with the pronunciation [ɛ] and the letter "u" is replaced by "o" with the pronunciation [ɔ], unless the spelling "ut" is almost retained or replaced with "uk", however with the pronunciation [uʔ], it is very different from the original Gangwol dialect with the pronunciation [uɛʔ].

Word	Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan)	Gangwol Phineaner (Negara Awan)		Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner		Meaning
senyap	/səɲap/	senyap	[səɲaʔ]	sinyap	[seɲaʔ]	quiet
penat	/pənat/	penat	[pənaʔ]	pɒnat	[panaʔ]	tired
sakit	/sakit/	sakét	[sakiɛʔ]	sakét	[sakɛʔ]	pain
bukit	/bukit/	bukét	[bukiɛʔ]	bukét	[bukɛʔ]	hill
tiup	/ti.up/	tiop	[tiʲɔʔ]	tiop	[tiʲɔʔ]	blow
perut	/pərut/	peghuit	[pəɣuɛʔ]	pegut	[pəɣuʔ]~[pəguʔ]	stomach

Tōnán'hyôrïan speech with the Gangwol dialect can be similar, with the diphthongs -ai and -au being monophthongised instead. In terms of spelling, Tōnán'hyôrïan speech is somewhat distinguished by the addition of the letter "ь" at the end of the diphthong -ai, it is also replaced by "é", while the letter "u" is dropped just like the Negara Awan sub-dialect in general, but added with "ː" sign. The following table shows the monophthong realization similarities for the diphthongs -ai and -au in the Gangwol dialect and the Tōnán'hyôrïan dialect, yet distinguished by the spelling system.

Word	Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan)	Gangwol Phineaner (Negara Awan)		Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner		Meaning
petai	/pətai̯/	peté	[pətɜː]	pɒtéь	[patɜː]	Parkia speciosa
semai	/səmai̯/	semé	[səmɛ̃ː]	siméь	[semɛ̃ː]	to sow
sungai	/suŋai̯/	sungé	[suŋɛ̃ː]	sungéь	[suŋɛ̃ː]	river
renyai	/rəɲai̯/	ghenyé	[ɣəɲɛ̃ː]	ginyéь	[ɣeɲɛ̃ː]	drizzle
kerbau	/kərbau̯/	kerba	[kəɣbaː]	kegubaː/kubaː	[kəɣobaː]~[kəgobaː]~[kobaː]	buffalo
pisau	/pisau̯/	pisa	[pisaː]	pisaː	[pisaː]	knife
pulau	/pulau̯/	pula	[pulaː]	pulaː	[pulaː]	island

Given the Gangwol dialect which is usually pronounced [ə] in the middle of the word, and Pyeongrang creole with the pronunciation [a]. This is what distinguishes it from the Tōnán'hyôrïan and Springwind Islands creoles. The pronunciation of /ə/ in Standard Phineaner has been changed to pronunciation [a] with the letter ɒ in some words, there are also some words that change to pronunciation [e] with the letter i in Tōnán'hyôrïan speech, it is the same as the Nijigapuran dialect. And the pronunciation of /e/ in the middle of a word in Standard Phineaner is almost retained, only on its spelling system it is replaced by the letter i or é in Tōnán'hyôrïan speech. There are some who state that the Tōnán'hyôrïan speech has similarities with the Nijigapura dialect, yet it is more inclined to the Gangwol dialect of the Phinbellan mainland. As an example of a pronunciation change in the middle of a word in Tōnán'hyôrïan speech, the word temberang (/təmberaŋ/) is changed to tɒmbiga' ([tambeɣa^ŋ]), and the word tepi (/təpi/) is changed to tipi ([tepi]). Among the examples of words that change the pronunciation of /ə/ to the pronunciation of [a] is the word lekas (/ləkas/) changed to lɒkaħ ([lakɛh]).

Word	Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan)	Gangwol Phineaner (Negara Awan)		Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner		Meaning
esok	/esok/	ésok	[esoʔ]	isuk	[esuʔ]	tomorrow
lempar	/lempar/	lépor	[le'pɐᵊ]	limpoː	[le'pɔː]	throw
tempah	/təmpah/	tempoh	[təmpɑh]	tɒmpɒh	[tampɒh]	purchase
lekas	/ləkas/	lekéh	[ləkɛh]	lɒkaħ	[lakɛh]	hurry
sepi	/səpi/	sepi	[səpi]	sipi	[sepi]	lonely
pegang	/pəgaŋ/	pegang	[pəgãŋ]	piga'/pigang	[pegaŋ]~[pegaŋ]	hold

Phonological changes in vowels in Tōnán'hyôrïan speech are the same as in the Gangwol dialect and its other creoles as usual, such as the pronunciation of the /a/ suffix at the end of a word being changed to [ə], for example saya being changed to saye, the suffix /ah/ and /ak/ are changed to [ɒh] and [ɒʔ], like rumah is changed to gumɒh and masak is changed to masɒk. In the middle of the word, the pronunciation of /ua/ is changed to [ɔ] like the word buaya is changed to boye, while the pronunciation of /ia/ is changed to [ɛ] like the word biasa is changed to bese.

Consonants

The consonant letter r at the beginning or middle of a word in Standard Phineaner, is the same as the dialects in Phinbella generally including the Gangwol dialect, in Tōnán'hyôrïan speech, it is also changed to the strongly voiced palatal fricative [ɣ] pronunciation like the letter Ghain in the Arboric language or the spelling letter "g" only and it is possible that it is an allophone of the /g/ pronunciation, when it is at the beginning or middle of a word before a vowel letter, it at once has an influence with the Hiliorian-Tri-State Area dialect and is less likely with the Gangwol dialect.

Word	Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan)	Gangwol Phineaner (Negara Awan)		Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner		Meaning
rumah	/rumah/	ghumah	[ɣumɑh]	gumɒh	[ɣumɒh]~[gumɒh]	house
ramai	/ramaj/~/ramai/	ghamé	[ɣamɛ̃ː]	gaméь	[ɣamɛ̃ː]~[gamɛ̃ː]	many
rasa	/rasa/	ghase	[ɣasə]	gase	[ɣasə]~[gasə]	feel
rampas	/rampas/	ghapéh	[ɣa'pɛh]	gampaħ	[ɣampɛh]~[gampɛh]	confiscated
keranda	/kəranda/	keghande	[kəɣandə]	kegande	[kəɣandə]~[kəgandə]	coffin
biara	/biara/	biaghe	[biaɣə]	biage	[biaɣə]~[biagə]	monastery
peran	/pəran/	peghai	[pəɣæ̃]	pigé	[peɣɛ̃]~[pegɛ̃]	attic

The alveolar trill /-r/ at the end of a word in Tōnán'hyôrïan speech is divided into two situations, this situation is where as usual the phoneme /ar/, /or/ and /ur/ at the end of a word is dropped and replaced by [ɔː] or [ɐː] as in the Gangwol dialect, but this rule also has influence with the Oranje dialect when the letter /r/ at the end of the word meets the letter /i/, where the phoneme /ir/ will be changed to [iɔː]. Unlike the Gangwol and Oranje dialects, this rule in Tōnán'hyôrïan speech has a colon letter and it is pronounced with long vowels.

Word	Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan)	Gangwol Phineaner (Negara Awan)		Tōnán'hyôrïan Phineaner		Meaning
biar	/biar/	bio	[biɐᵊ]	bioː	[biɐː]	let
pasar	/pasar/	paso	[pasɐᵊ]	pasoː	[pasɔː]	bazaar or market
telur	/təlur/	telo	[təlɔᵊ]	tɒloː	[talɔː]	egg
tabur	/tabur/	tabo	[tabɔᵊ]	taboː	[tabɔː]	to sow
kotor	/kotor/	koto	[kɔtɔᵊ]	kotoː	[kɔtɔː]	dirty
fikir	/fikir/	piké	[pikɛᵊ]	pikioː	[pikiɔː]	to think
air	/air/	ayé~aé	[ajɛᵊ]~[aɛᵊ]	ayoː	[ajɔː]	water

Another situation related to the alveolar trill /-r/ in Tōnán'hyôrïan speech is the rule relating to loanwords from the Common Tongue that have the suffix /-r/. Usually it meets the vowel letter /a/ or /ə/. This rule is the same as in most dialects of Phinbella and Forajasaki in particular, where a word that is a loanword will use this rule, the letter /-r/ instead being omitted and not replaced by any other letter.

See also

• Gangwol Phineaner
• Springwind Islands Phineaner
• Pyeongrang Phineaner
• Ryukchin Phineaner
• Tōnán'hyôrïans
• Tōnán'hyôrïan Sangunese
• Tanah Tōnán'hyôrï