Scattered Frontier Phineaner
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Scattered Frontier Phineaner, also known as Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner, Frontier Romande Phineaner or Bamboo Phineaner is an Oranje Phineaner-based creole and is the spoken language of the inhabitants of the Territory of Taemhwanian Frontier Settlements Area, Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō, and Spitsbergen and Sabaki-Saint Martin-Eustaki Islands, where they are known as Spitsbergen Phineaner, Saint Martin Phineaner and Eustakian Phineaner, respectively. It is the mother tongue of the Scattered Islands Frontier Creole community of about 1 million speakers.
The term "Scattered Frontier Phineaner" is not a formal term as most people use this term, it is likely that most academics or linguists use the term "Bamboo Phineaner" or "Scatered Islands Phineaner". It is possible that some of its speakers regard this creole as a dialect, and some even regard it as a pidgin. It was first exported to parts of the Tri-State Area, Dinding Island including Providenciales, Plazas de Irian, Cyborges and Rintis Island as well as remote islands in the RP 2610s by migrants who came there, and it was used as a home speech only.
Scattered Frontier Phineaner is one of the most popular informal languages in contemporary Phinbellan culture, it is used as the basis of slang in all three autonomous territorial units or in Oriental Hispanioéire Taemhwan, and is commonly used in TC-pop songs, local animation, Creole dramas and Télérōman.
There are distinctive phonetic, syntactic and lexical differences in this Scattered Frontier creole, even more subtle than other Phineaner accents or creoles. Scattered Frontier Phineaner is divided into ten types of dialects, they are also known colloquially by certain areas where they are spoken: namely Tromelinese dialect, Geyserite-Eurekan dialect, Thomian dialect, Terre Adélie dialect, Sabakian dialect, Saint Martin dialect, Eustakian dialect and Toyoharan dialect. Colloquial Kéijō Phineaner, is a vernacular form of the Taemhwanian dialect that has spread from Kéijō to parts of the Rōmande region, a small part of Oriental Taemhwan and some small parts of the Free area of the Federation especially in Orange Free State, and replaced the existing Taemhwanian sub-dialect and Oranje sub-dialect, have their roots in the Scattered Frontier Phineaner.
Background
Many consider this creole to be a Phineaner dialect, while some consider it to be an evolved creole. These creoles were formed when the Westerner community and the slave class were respectively unable to communicate with each other especially with the Taemhwanian Phineaners, Oranje Phineaners or other bumiputera and Sangunese communities. It is believed to have resulted from a cultural mixing between Phineaners, slaves and Westerners, and created a Phineaner-based pidgin, with a mixture of words from the Taemhwanian and Oranje dialects, and loanwords of Westerners and Sangunese, as well as little Common Tongue grammatical structure and Sangunese. It was creolized even though it incorporated elements of Sundanese, Javanese, Batak or Mandailing, Banjarese, Balinese and Bugis, and subsequently passed down to the next generation as their mother tongue.
Scattered Frontier Phineaner has a large number of Betawi, Hokkien, Arboric, Common Tongue, Sangunese, Batavian, Portuguese, Isleños, Alexandrian loanwords. It was spoken along with a Sangunese-based creole, Taemhwanian Frontier Settlements Area Creole, and replaced a Batavian-based creole.
Pronouns are quite different according to their dialect variations. The pronouns temé or awok (i or me) and miké or komé (you) are derived from the Oranje dialect, especially the sub-dialects of Waeng Secretariat and Rouxville, the pronouns kawé or ambo and démo or démé are derived from the Taemhwanian dialect, while the personal pronouns gué and lu, as well as the numbers cépék (hundred), gopék (five hundred) and sécén (thousand) from the Hokkien language.
Classification
Varieties
Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner today is native to all three autonomous territorial units of Oriental Hispanioéire Taemhwan. Although it has different names and is not called by the same name in some areas, variations of the TFSA, the SSS Islands and the Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō Islands are considered by speakers and linguists as a same creole.
There are several variations of Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner speech, where the speech in Kéijō and urban areas is very different and has a strong influence with the Oranje Phineaner sub-dialect in Waeng Sekretariat but the word ending is a bit coarser than the original, or has a strong influence from Betawi creoles. While speech in the SSS Islands has a little closer to that of the Tromelin variant (especially Kéijō) than the Martin-de-Viviès variant however the SSS Islands variant is distinguished by intermediate vowels. Speech outside the Rōmande area has shared similarities with the SSS Islands variant and the Tromelin Atoll variant.
Dialects
Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner has eight dialects, and each dialect in this creole has a different phonology and influence as well as its vocabulary. but almost all dialects tend to pronounce a strong "e", yet the Terre Adélie and Toyohara dialects remain "a" like Indokistani, and are often pressed into "ah". Tromelinese dialect spoken in Tromelin Atoll including Kéijō are de facto standard dialect in the Territory of Taemhwanian Frontier Settlements Area and are often commonly used as speech in local animation, TC-pop and Télérōman.
Following are its eight dialects along with its speaking area:
- Tromelinese dialect - spoken in Tromelin Atoll (Kéijō, Flying Fish Cove, Kadok dan Nicho), Bassas da Íeu'ryïan, Yeop Takiyouki Island, Île du Langkis, Saint Croix, part of John Ni Island, also in coast of the Padang Terap, Panglima Bayu, Sungai Chor and Sarkies-Masan, as well as in urban area of Keijinshin Metropolitan Region.
- Geyserite-Eurekan dialect - spoken in Glorioso Islands (including Gaisaru Bank, Batuan Tengah and Isla del Verde), Eureka Island, Islas del Tropico, part of John Ni Island, and Department Yapreay Authorities, as well as in urban area of Keijinshin Metropolitan Region.
- Thomian dialect - spoken in Gugusan Kanthō-Keinetsu and Amsterdam Islands including Martin-de-Viviès and surroundings, also in some villages in Ulu Merapok, Sungai Merapok, Manchu and Bukit Puan, also in Spitsbergen Island.
- Terre Adélie dialect - spoken in Tanah Adélie including Tanah Commodore, Kuala Koh and surrounding, some villages in Tanah Sibagol, Undop, Sasa, Bukit Manang, Merambai, Limpaki and Merapok (Gugusan Kanthō-Keinetsu and Amsterdam Islands).
- Sabakian dialect - spoken in Sabaki Islands, and some villages in Bangkatan, Ladang Lalang, Lempaki Tengah, Lempaki Asal, Languban and Patarikan (Spitsbergen Island).
- Saint Martin dialect - spoken in Saint Martin Islands.
- Eustakian dialect - spoken in Eustaki Island.
- Toyoharan dialect - spoken in Territory of Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō Islands, also in part of Rintis Island and Cyborges.
Characteristics
Phonology
Open final syllables
| Correspondence Rule
(SM ≙ SCM) |
Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan)
(SM) |
Scatered Frontier Phineaner
(SCM) |
English Translation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final /a/ with nasal coda | ≙ | Long nasal [ɛ̃ː] | ayam | /ajam/ | ayé | [ajɛ̃ː] | 'chicken' |
| makan | /makan/ | maké | [makɛ̃ː] | 'to eat' | |||
| pisang | /pisaŋ/ | pisé | [pisɛ̃ː] | 'banana' | |||
| Final /a/ in open-ended words | ≙ | Long [ɛː] | mata | /mata/ | maté | [matɛː] | 'eye' |
| kereta | /kəreta/ | keghété | [kəʁetɛː] | 'car' | |||
| Initial /ia/ | ≙ | Open-mid front [a] | biasa | /biasa/ | basé | [basɛː] | 'normal' |
| /a/ in final /ah/ | ≙ | Open back unrounded [ɑ] | rumah | /rumah/ | ghumoh | [ʁumɑh] | 'house' |
| sumpah | /sumpah/ | supoh | [sũpɑh] | 'swear' | |||
| /a/ in final /ak/ | masak | /masak/ | masok | [masɑʔ] | 'cooking' | ||
| Initial /ua/ | ≙ | Still initial [ua] | puasa | /puasa/ | puasé | [puasɛː] | 'fasting' |
| Final /ai/ | ≙ | Long [aː] | sungai | /suŋai/ | sungaь | [suŋaː] | 'river' |
| Final /au/ | pisau | /pisau/ | pisaь | [pisaː] | 'knife' | ||
Closed final syllables
| Correspondence Rule
(SM ≙ SCM) |
Standard Phineaner (Phinbellan)
(SM) |
Scatered Frontier Phineaner
(SCM) |
English Translation | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final coda /f/ | ≙ | Glottal fricative [h] | maaf | /ma.af/ | maah | [ma.ah] | 'sorry' |
| Final coda /s/ | panas | /panas/ | panah | [panah] | 'hot' | ||
| Initial and mid /r/ | ≙ | Uvular fricative [ʁ] | reban | /rəban/ | ghebé | [ʁəbɛ̃ː] | 'coop' |
| rupa | /rupa/ | ghupé | [ʁupɛː] | 'look' (noun) | |||
| Mid coda /r/ | ≙ | Omitted | permata | /pərmata/ | pematé | [pəmatɛː] | 'jewellery' |
| Final coda /l/ | tinggal | /tiŋɡal/ | tinggaь | [tiŋɡaː] | 'leave' | ||
| Final coda /r/ after a vowel | ≙ | Omitted and long | biar | /biar/ | bia | [biaː] | 'let' |
| besar | /bəsar/ | besa | [bəsaː] | 'big' | |||
| Final coda /r/ after i vowel | ≙ | Long [uː] | fikir | /fikir/ | pikiu | [pikiuː] | 'to think' |
| Final coda /p/ | ≙ | Glottal stop [ʔ] | letup | /lətup/ | letuk̚ | [lətuʔ] | 'to explode' |
| Final coda /t/ | sesat | /səsat/ | sesak̚ | [səsaʔ] | 'lost' | ||
| Final coda /m/, /n/ and /ŋ/ after i vowel | ≙ | Velar nasal [n] | mungkin | /muŋkin/ | mukïn | [mũken] | 'maybe' |
| kering | /kəriŋ/ | keghïn | [kəʁen] | 'dry' | |||
| alim | /alim/ | alïn | [alen] | 'pious' | |||
Dialects and accents between native speakers
In this dialect there is also a slight difference of pronunciation from certain districts and regions where the suffix -ong and -eng are omitted or do not sound:
i) Some areas in Tromelin Atoll (Kéijō), Bassas da Íeu'ryïan, Europa Island, Martin-de-Viviès, Tortola, Jost Van Dyke, Mongkos, Adelié Land dan part of the Rōmandé area. -on, -én
ii) Some areas in Tromelin Atoll (Flying Fish Cove, Kadok dan Nicho), Glorioso Islands, Islas del Tropico, Saint Croix, Surrender Point, Tanah Commodore, Saba, Saint Martin, Sint Eustatius, Ulu Merapok, Sungai Merapok, Manchu, Bukit Puan, Tanah Sibagol, Undop, Sasa, Bukit Manang, Merambai, Limpaki, Merapok, Bangkatan, Ladang Lalang, Lempaki Tengah, Lempaki Asal, Languban and Patarikan. -o,-é
For example:
- Tolong (help)
i) tulon
ii) tulo - Duit syilling (coin/shillings)
i) sekélén
ii) sekélé
It can be said that the curved speakers -o' and -e' are located on the rest of Rōmandé's speech area. There are dialect differences in this Scattered Frontier Phineaner in some areas but research needs to be done.
