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History of Sanama

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This is an article about historical Sanama. To read about events since 1671, see Timeline of modern Sanama.

Prehistory

There are few surviving records from prehistorical times in what now is Sanama. The term prehistory is generally applied to the times before 1 AN, while the historical period is said to begin with the collapse of the Khaz Modan Empire around the same time. Before the fall of the empire, the area had been ruled by the Khaz Modan for over a thousand years. There is no consensus on why the empire collapsed, but there are many more or less viable theories. The most popular ones among Sanaman historians are internal strife, climate change and natural disaster. Much of the southern and southwestern coasts of Benacia were ruled by the Khaz Modan. Those areas are also heavily affected by tropical storms, earthquakes and floods. There is evidence for a large scale earthquake with subsequent flooding around the time for the collapse of the empire. However, several prominent historians contend that while there was an earthquake, the area had been hit by similar events before during the empire, without those resulting in the collapse of the entire empire. Papers published recently attempt to merge the dominant theories. While an earthquake alone was probably not enough to trigger the collapse, historians representing this new school of thought say that the earthquake was just the nail in the coffin of the empire. Prior to the earthquake, the leadership of the empire had been severely weakened by internal strife, and it was also in turmoil due to internal and external climate change migration. More outlandish theories claim that the empire collapsed due to a dæmonic threat from the north. It is unknown when Sanaman people came to Benacia. What is known is that Sanaman people were already living there when Khaz Modan fell. Many historians believe that the various Sanaman tribes had a vassalage relationship with the empire.

Sanaman Tribal Era

  • About 1 – 100 AN
    • Collapse of KM caused Sanaman peoples to exhert more independence.

Warlords Era

  • 100 AN – 500 AN
  • Tribalism

The Two Kingdoms Era

  • Amarra and Sanilla kingdoms 500 AN – 850 AN
    • Amarra tributary state to Shireroth around 850 AN
    • Sanilla tributary state to Shireroth around 1180 AN
    • Vassalage around 1440 for both
  • Laqs entering Sanama around 515 AN as mercenaries of the Machiavelli Kaisers
  • Laq emerge as a distinct ethnic group around 800-900 AN

Shirerithian rule

Conquest

Rule

Free State of Sanilla

  • Conquered by Shireroth in 1493-1494 AN
  • Tellians emigrate to the coast west of Amarra around 1540. Tellians that settled on the Shirerithian side of the Shirerithian-Tellian border became the Cisamarrese people
  • Free State of Sanilla 21.XV.1588 Imperial Decree 544, Kaiser Ayreon II, negotiated with Kaiser Hasan II.
  • FSS abolished in 1-12.VIII.1593 by Kaiser Ometeotl II.

Independence

Kalirion Fracture

The Kalirion Fracture affected all of Shireroth. It was caused by several events interacting, resulting in the collapse of the Imperial state. The manifest failure in leadership exhibited by Kaiser Ayreon IV led to the inability of the Shirerithian state to handle several crises that ensued, among them the Elwynnese Civil War, the White Plague, and the emigration of the ruling class, especially from Modan. Formally, the Shirerithian state was centralised with power concentrated in the hands of the Steward and the Imperial Advisory Council, with the Kaiser mostly exercising powers of appointment. An uncharacteristic experiment in democracy with elections to the Folksraad and Adelsraad, along with regional Folksraads, combined with the power vacuum left by the departing elite, made the sprawling Shirerithian state vulnerable to separatist movements. In the lands inhabited by the Sanis and Amas, the torch of freedom was carried by the Sanilla and Amarra Liberation Army for Democracy, a socialist guerrilla formed to seize control over the Sanaman homeland. With the failure of the Free State of Sanilla almost a hundred years prior in the public conscience, the SALAD was from the start a well-organised and paramilitary organisation. The lack of organised resistance due to the Fracture power vacuum allowed the SALAD to overrun most of Sanilla and Amarra as well as areas north of the coastal lands. Thanatos, even though having an Istvanistani-majority population, came under the control of SALAD. SALAD also took control of the local Folksraads that were still operating in spite of the Fracture. Independence from Shireroth was declared on 12.VIII.1671.

Consolidation of SALAD Rule

1670's

1680's

1690's

The 1691 elections saw the Alliance for Prosperity return to power after three years of Democratic League rule. It also saw the first election of Keysa Nur Pinito Caprici as Chancellor after having served as President for 12 years. While the dysfunctional cohabitation between Nur Pinito Caprici and Taliya Wilamu between 1688 and 1691 contributed to the victory, the main reason was the economic downturn that started in 1690. The downturn was caused by a sharp decline in foreign demand for oil, Sanama's most important export, and a troubled Raspur Pact. An unwilling president with veto powers and a broad leftist coalition with widely disparate views on what should be done led to a national government ill equipped to make the tough decisions needed to guide the country through the recession. The new government inherited an economy plagued by increasing unemployment and declining wages. The few national social programmes in Sanama were considered untouchable by the populist wing of the Alliance, leading the government to begin cutting corporate and income taxes to restart the economy, as well as pushing major cuts in military spending through the legislature. The cuts began to come into effect in 1692, with continued cuts spread over four years.

Towards the end of 1695, the Sanaman military had been cut by approximately 25 percent, mainly affecting the Navy and Army, with scheduled acquisitions also being postponed. The cuts to both corporate and income taxes implemented since 1692 had had limited effect on the overall economy, with still increasing unemployment. Then toward the end of 1695, The Scouring took place, an exchange of weapons of mass destruction between the Raspur Pact and rebel Elwynn. Sanama was a participant in the Second Elwynnese Civil War on the side of the government, but chose to withdraw after the Scouring. The loss of 11 million civilians, mostly in the Scouring, coupled with an already sluggish economy and collapsing financial markets across eastern Benacia, turned popular opinion against the Raspur Pact, and by extension any parties that supported Raspur Pact membership. This directly contributed to the formation of the Peoples' Front, an alliance of several far left parties, including the Sanaman Liberation Front (revolutionary), a breakout Communist cadre from the SLF. Lead by Kiko Kulahi and Muqana Soke, two high profile and long-serving SLF members and former ministers, the SLF(r) was joined by the Sanaman Communist Party, Syndicalist Alliance, Workers' Party, Socialist Party, Diegist-Mallikist Party of Sanilla and Amarra, Thanatossian Socialist Workers' Party, and the So Sara Alliance/Yardistani List in this new electoral alliance. Directly the alliance polled well, with SLF(r) and SSA/YL polling over five percent. They were later joined by SCP polling over the threshold. The strong polling performance by the PF quickly became a worry for the established parties, particularly those on the left like SLF and C60.