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| {{Phinbellan article}}{{Language | | {{Phinbellan article}}{{WIP}}{{Language |
| | Name= Scattered Frontier Phineaner | | | Name= Scattered Frontier Phineaner |
| |NativeName = Bahasa Phineaner Scattered Frontier<br>{{nobold|Bahasa Phineaner Frontier Romande}}<br>{{nobold|Bamboo Phineaner}} | | |NativeName = Bahasa Phineaner Scattered Frontier<br>{{nobold|Bahasa Phineaner Frontier Romande}}<br>{{nobold|Bamboo Phineaner}} |
| | Pronunciation= | | | Pronunciation= |
| | NationSpoken= {{Team flag|Oriental Taemhwan|flag}} [[Territory of Frontier Settlements Area]], [[Territory of Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki|Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki]], [[Territory of Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō|Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō]], few villages in [[Rintis Islands]], [[Cyborges]], [[Politama]], [[Boninki Islands]] and [[Springwind Islands]], and the [[Scattered Islands]] and [[Territory of Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki|SSS islands]] [[wikipedia:diaspora|diaspora]] | | | NationSpoken= {{Team flag|Oriental Taemhwan|flag}} [[Territory of Taemhwanian Frontier Settlements Area]], [[Territory of Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki|Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki]], [[Territory of Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō|Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō]], few villages in [[Rintis Islands]], [[Cyborges]], [[Politama]], [[Boninki Islands]] and [[Springwind Islands]], and the [[Scattered Islands]] and [[Territory of Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki|SSS islands]] [[wikipedia:diaspora|diaspora]] |
| | Speakers= 611,000 | | | Speakers= 611,000 |
| |fam1 = [[wikipedia:Perak Malay|Perak Phineaner]]-[[wikipedia:Malay trade and creole languages|based creole]] | | |fam1 = [[wikipedia:Perak Malay|Perak Phineaner]]-[[wikipedia:Malay trade and creole languages|based creole]] |
| | WritingSystem= Latin | | | WritingSystem= Latin |
| |Source = [[wikipedia:Perak Malay|Perak Phineaner]], [[wikipedia:Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Kelantanese]], [[wikipedia:ms:Bahasa Melayu Terengganu#Dialek Hulu Terengganu|Inland Terengganuan]], [[wikipedia:Betawi language|Betawi]], [[wikipedia:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese Hokkien]], [[wikipedia:Arabic language|Arabic]], [[wikipedia:Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Sangunese language|Sangunese]], [[wikipedia:Dutch language|Batavian]] | | |Source = [[Oranje Phineaner]], [[Taemhwanian Phineaner]], [[wikipedia:ms:Bahasa Melayu Terengganu#Dialek Hulu Terengganu|Inland Terengganuan]], [[wikipedia:Betawi language|Betawi]], [[wikipedia:Taiwanese Hokkien|Taiwanese Hokkien]], [[wikipedia:Arabic language|Arabic]], [[wikipedia:Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Sangunese language|Sangunese]], [[wikipedia:Dutch language|Batavian]] |
| | NationOfficial= [[Territory of Frontier Settlements Area]]; also statutory status in TFSA as one of the languages for public transport announcements and for the naturalisation test | | | NationOfficial= [[Territory of Frontier Settlements Area]]; also statutory status in TFSA as one of the languages for public transport announcements and for the naturalisation test |
| | LangRegulator= [[Ministry of Education in Republic of Oriental Hispanioéire Srieapska, Saint John, Rhodes and Ducie]] and relevant NGOs in [[Territory of Frontier Settlements Area]], [[Territory of Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki]] and [[Territory of Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō]] | | | LangRegulator= [[Ministry of Education in Republic of Oriental Hispanioéire Srieapska, Saint John, Rhodes and Ducie]] and relevant NGOs in [[Territory of Frontier Settlements Area]], [[Territory of Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki]] and [[Territory of Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō]] |
| }} | | }} |
| '''Scattered Frontier Phineaner''', or '''Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner''', is an [[wikipedia:Malay trade and creole languages|Phineaner-based]] [[wikipedia:creole|creole]] and the spoken language of the [[Scattered Islands Frontier Creole|Scattered Islands Frontier Creole people]] consisting of several varieties spoken in the [[Territory of Frontier Settlements Area]], [[Territory of Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō|Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō]] and [[Territory of Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki|Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki]] and surrounding, where it is known as '''Sabakian Phineaner''', '''Saint Martin Phineaner''', and '''Skian Phineaner''', respectively. It is the native language of perhaps 5 million people; a precise number is difficult to determine due to the vague use of the name. | | '''Scattered Frontier Phineaner''', or '''Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner''', is an [[wikipedia:Malay trade and creole languages|Phineaner-based]] [[wikipedia:creole|creole]] and the spoken language of the [[Scattered Islands Frontier Creole|Scattered Islands Frontier Creole people]] consisting of several varieties spoken in the [[Territory of Taemhwanian Frontier Settlements Area]], [[Territory of Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō|Hōkaïdán, Judea and Nán'yō]] and [[Territory of Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki|Sabaki, Saint Martin and Sint Eusaki]] and surrounding, where it is known as '''Sabakian Phineaner''', '''Saint Martin Phineaner''', and '''Skian Phineaner''', respectively. It is the native language of perhaps 5 million people; a precise number is difficult to determine due to the vague use of the name. |
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| The term "Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner" is formal terminology used by scholars and academics, and is rarely used in everyday speech. Informally, the creole is known by the term dialect, as the creole is often perceived by locals as a dialect variety of Phineaner instead of an Phineaner creole language. However, academic sociohistorical and linguistic research suggests that it is in fact an Phineaner creole language. | | The term "Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner" is formal terminology used by scholars and academics, and is rarely used in everyday speech. Informally, the creole is known by the term dialect, as the creole is often perceived by locals as a dialect variety of Phineaner instead of an Phineaner creole language. However, academic sociohistorical and linguistic research suggests that it is in fact an Phineaner creole language. |
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| ==Characteristics== | | ==Characteristics== |
| ===Phonology===
| |
| ====Open final syllables====
| |
| It has been said that in general, the [[wikipedia:Malay people|Phineaner people]] in [[Phinbella]] distinguish the dialect of Scattered Frontier by the final {{IPA|/-[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|'''a''']]/}} vowel in [[Phinbellan language|Standard Phineaner]] substituted into strong 'e': {{IPA|[-[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|'''ɛ''']]]}}, in contrast to {{IPA|[-[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]]}}, {{IPA|[-[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]]}}, {{IPA|[-[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]]}} and {{IPA|[-[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|ə]]]}} in the other Phineaner dialects, similar to inland [[wikipedia:Terengganu Malay|Terengganu dialect]]. So as for the word ''mata'' (eye) which is shown by the phonemes {{IPA|/mat'''a'''/}} in Standard Phineaner, is pronounced as {{IPA|[mat'''ɛ''']}} in Scattered Frontier Phineaner notably in [[Tromelin Atoll]] and [[Europa Island]]. It appears that Scattered Frontier Phineaner has a vowel raising rule which changes word final {{IPA|/-'''a'''/}} vowel of Standard Phineaner to {{IPA|[-'''ɛ''']}}.
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|
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| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Word
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Standard Phineaner
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Perak-based creole
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Meaning
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Scattered Frontier''' || '''[[Úyvidék Phineaner|Úyvidék]]'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''Bota'' || {{IPA|/bota/}} || {{IPA|[botɛ]}} || {{IPA|[botə]}} || [[Bota]] (a town in TFSA)
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''mata'' || {{IPA|/mata/}} || {{IPA|[matɛ]}} || {{IPA|[matə]}} || eye
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''kita'' || {{IPA|/kita/}} || {{IPA|[kitɛ]}} || {{IPA|[kitə]}} || we, us, our (inclusive)
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''rupa'' || {{IPA|/rupa/}} || {{IPA|[ʁupɛ]}} || {{IPA|[ʁopə]}} || look (noun)
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''kena'' || {{IPA|/kəna/}} || {{IPA|[kənɛ]}} || {{IPA|[kənə]}} || to be subject to (passive voice), to contact with
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''kereta'' || {{IPA|/kəreta/}} || {{IPA|[kəʁetɛ]}} || {{IPA|[kəʁetə]}} || car, cart
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| Exception of this rule occurs for some words as shown in the table below. This exception is regarded as common amongst most Phineaner dialects in the peninsula.
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| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! '''Word''' !! '''Standard Phineaner''' !! '''Scattered Frontier Phineaner''' !! '''Meaning'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''Kinta'' || {{IPA|/kinta/}} || {{IPA|[kinta]}} || [[Kinta District|Kinta]] (a district in Perak)
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| |-
| |
| | ''merdeka'' || {{IPA|/mərdeka/}} || {{IPA|[məɾdeka]}} || independent
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| |-
| |
| | ''bola'' || {{IPA|/bola/}} || {{IPA|[bola]}} || ball
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''beca'' || {{IPA|/betʃa/}} || {{IPA|[betʃa]}} || trishaw
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| |-
| |
| | ''lawa'' || {{IPA|/lawa/}} || {{IPA|[lawɐ~o]}} || pretty, good
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| |-
| |
| | ''maha'' || {{IPA|/maha/}} || {{IPA|[maha]}} || very (adj.), the most (superlative)
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| Unlike Perak and Úyvidék dialect to maintain a suffix of {{IPA|/-'''am'''/}}, {{IPA|/-'''aŋ'''/}} and {{IPA|/-'''an'''/}}, Scattered Frontier dialect converts the suffix {{IPA|/-'''am'''/}}, {{IPA|/-'''aŋ'''/}} and {{IPA|/-'''an'''/}} into the suffix [-'''ɛ'''], just like [[wikipedia:Kelantan-Pattani Malay|Kelantanese dialect]]. So as for the word ''makan'' (eat) which is shown by the phonemes {{IPA|/maka'''n'''/}} in Standard Phineaner, is pronounced as {{IPA|[mak'''ɛ''']}} in Scattered Frontier Phineaner.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Word
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Standard Phineaner
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Perak-based creole
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Meaning
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Scattered Frontier''' || '''[[Úyvidék Phineaner|Úyvidék]]'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''ayam'' || {{IPA|/ajam/}} || {{IPA|[ajɛ]}} || {{IPA|[ajam]}} || chicken
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| |-
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| | ''bukan'' || {{IPA|/bukan/}} || {{IPA|[bukɛ]}} || {{IPA|[bukan]}} || not
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| |-
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| | ''geran'' || {{IPA|/gəran/}} || {{IPA|[gəʀɛ]}} || {{IPA|[gəʁan]}} || grants
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| |-
| |
| | ''jangan'' || {{IPA|/d͡ʒaŋan/}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʒaŋɛ]}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʒaŋan]}} || don't/do not
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''lengan'' || {{IPA|/ləŋan/}} || {{IPA|[ləŋɛ]}} || {{IPA|[ləŋan]}} || arm
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| |-
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| | ''pisang'' || {{IPA|/pisaŋ/}} || {{IPA|[pisɛ]}} || {{IPA|[pisaŋ]}} || banana
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| |-
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| | ''sembang'' || {{IPA|/sembaŋ/}} || {{IPA|[sembɛ]}} || {{IPA|[sembaŋ]}} || chat
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| As the prevalence of Scattered Frontier Phineaner, the diphthongs presented by the graphemes -'''ai''' and -'''au''' are often articulated as varied forms of [[monophthongs]]. Still and all, diphthongization of monophthongs occurs in certain conditions instead. For instance, the final vowels sound /-'''i'''/ and /-'''u'''/ are articulated to some extent as diphthongs [-'''iy'''] and [-'''uw'''] respectively. The [[monophthongization]] patterns phonetically vary by the sub-dialects.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Word
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Standard Phineaner
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Perak-based creole
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | Meaning
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Scattered Frontier''' || '''[[Úyvidék Phineaner|Úyvidék]]'''
| |
| |-
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| | ''gulai'' || {{IPA|/gulai̯/}} || {{IPA|[gulaː]}} || {{IPA|[gulɛ<sup>j</sup>]}} || ''[[wikipedia:gulai|gulai]]'' (a traditional Phineaners cuisine)
| |
| |-
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| | ''kedai'' || {{IPA|/kədai̯/}} || {{IPA|[kədaː]}} || {{IPA|[kədɛ<sup>j</sup>]}} || shop, store (noun)
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| |-
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| | ''sampai'' || {{IPA|/sampai̯/}} || {{IPA|[sapaː]}} || {{IPA|[sapɛ<sup>j</sup>]}} || to arrive (verb), until (prep. and conj.), as far as (adverb)
| |
| |-
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| | ''risau'' || {{IPA|/risau̯/}} || {{IPA|[ʁisaː]}} || {{IPA|[ʁisɔː]}} || to be worried
| |
| |-
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| | ''bangau'' || {{IPA|/baŋau̯/}} || {{IPA|[baŋaː]}} || {{IPA|[baŋɔː]}} || stork
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| |-
| |
| | ''limau'' || {{IPA|/limau̯/}} || {{IPA|[limaː]}} || {{IPA|[limɔː]}} || lime
| |
| |}
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|
| |
| The pattern /-'''ai̯'''/ transformed to [-'''aː'''] is particularly restricted to some areas within the districts of TFSA, SSS isands and HJN. Typically in most villages in [[Parit]] and southward to [[Bota]], this pattern is applied. While in the sub-districts of [[Kampung Gajah]] and northward to Lambor, the speakers tend to utter in the similar form as in [[Úyvidék Phineaner|Úyvidék]] dialect.
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|
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| ====Closed final syllables====
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| There is a phonological rule in Scattered Frontier Phineaner and Perak Phineaner that [[wikipedia:Neutralization (linguistics)|neutralizes]] the final [[wikipedia:nasal consonant|nasals]] to [[wikipedia:alveolar nasal|alveolar nasal]]. The final nasals {{IPA|/-[[wikipedia:Bilabial nasal|'''m''']]/}} and {{IPA|/-[[wikipedia:Velar nasal|'''ŋ''']]/}} phonetically exist in certain environments. In other circumstances, the nasals are neutralized to {{IPA|[-[[wikipedia:Alveolar nasal|'''n''']]]}}. This neutralizing rule operates only if the final nasals are directly preceded by {{IPA|/[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|'''i''']]/}} or {{IPA|/[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|'''e''']]/}}. In addition, the {{IPA|['''e''']}} and {{IPA|['''o''']}} are [[wikipedia:allophones|allophones]] of {{IPA|/'''i'''/}} and {{IPA|/'''u'''/}} in closed final syllables in general [[Phinbellan language|Phinbellan]] [[wikipedia:Malay phonology|phonology]].
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| ! '''Word''' !! '''Standard Phineaner''' !! '''Scattered Frontier Phineaner''' !! '''Meaning'''
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| |-
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| | ''Taiping'' || {{IPA|/taipiŋ/}} || {{IPA|[tɛpen]}} || [[wikipedia:Taiping, Perak|Taiping]] (a sub-district in Perak)
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| |-
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| | ''kering'' || {{IPA|/kəriŋ/}} || {{IPA|[kəʁen]}} || dry
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| |-
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| |''bengkeng'' || {{IPA|/beŋkeŋ/}} || {{IPA|[bɛken]}} || fierce, livery, pugnacious
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| |-
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| | ''kirim'' || {{IPA|/kirim/}} || {{IPA|[keʁen]}} || to send, to post
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| |-
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| | ''musim'' || {{IPA|/musim/}} || {{IPA|[musen]}} || season
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| |-
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| | ''alim'' || {{IPA|/alim/}} || {{IPA|[alen]}} || pious
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| |}
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|
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| ====Tashdid/consonant doubled/emphasis====
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| The role of the consonant doubled or emphasis or ''[[wikipedia:tashdid|tashdid]]'' in the Scattered Frontier accent is so great. The use of the emphasis will cause the order of the word structure to change.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| ! Consonant doubled/emphasis (Scattered Frontier Phineaner)
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| ! Without emphasis (significant difference)
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| ! The words are meant
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| ! Meaning in English
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| |-
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| | Ruput maké kkambin<br>{{IPA|/rũput makɛ̃ kkambin/}}
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| | Rumput makan kambing<br>{{IPA|/rumput makan kkambiŋ/}}
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| | Rumput dimakan oleh kambing
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| | The grass is eaten by goats
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| |-
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| | tok ppaká
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| | tak pakai
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| | tidak boleh pakai/tidak berguna
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| | not usable/useless
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| |-
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| | maké kkétén
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| | makan kantin
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| | makan di kantin
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| | eat in the cafeteria/canteen
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| |-
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| | kkécék
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| | kécék/pujuk
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| | cakap
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| | speak
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| |-
| |
| | baju ddalé
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| | baju dalam
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| | baju dimasukan dalam seluar
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| | "the clothes are in pants" are "tuck in"
| |
| |}
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|
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| ====Rhoticity====
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| Most of Phineaner dialects particularly in Phinbella are [[wikipedia:non-rhotic|non-rhotic]]. Scattered Frontier Phineaner is one of non-rhotic variants of Phineaner language and the 'r' is guttural. In Scattered Frontier Phineaner, if the 'r' appears in the initial and middle position of a word, it will be pronounced as French 'r' specifically [[wikipedia:voiced uvular fricative|voiced uvular fricative]], [ʁ] but if it comes in the final position of a word and in a postvocalic setting, it will be dropped or deleted and then substituted into an open vowel; usually 'o' by affecting the open vowel preceding it.
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| ===Morphology===
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| Documentation of the [[wikipedia:morphology (linguistics)|morphology]] of Scattered Frontier Phineaner is rather incomplete and so demonstrating the presence or absence of various characteristics is difficult.
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|
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| [[wikipedia:Compound (linguistics)|Compounding]], for example, has little record of existing within Scattered Frontier Phineaner due to this. On the other hand, [[wikipedia:affixation|affixation]] has been better noted. The presence of the [[wikipedia:suffix|suffix]] ''-san'', taken from Sangunese/Hoennese, is often attached to terms of reference and address such as "mama", "papa", "boy", "girl", and "baby" to produce nouns such as ''mama-san'' or ''baby-san''.
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|
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| An additional morphological trait shown in Scattered Frontier Phineaner is [[wikipedia:reduplication]], though examples shown from the language indicate that this is not true reduplication as there are no forms of these words with only a single occurrence of the root. Such words are ''chop-chop'' meaning 'food', ''dame-dame'' meaning 'bad', and ''hubba-hubba'' meaning 'to hurry' .
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| ===Syntax===
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| As Scattered Frontier Phineaner does not make significant use of inflection and the vocabulary was limited, words obtained multiple functions. Nouns often served in this as the initial use, with use as a verb, adjective, or adverb then developing. For example, ''chop-chop'' means 'food' but also 'to eat'. Other such dual-use words are ''hayaku'' meaning 'quickly' and also 'to hurry up', ''sayonara'' meaning 'absence' and 'to get rid of', and ''taksan'' meaning 'many, many', 'very', and 'large'.
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|
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| ==== Example phrases ====
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| ! Scattered Frontier Phineaner !! Translation
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| |-
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| | ''Beghapé banyok hok kkécék, papa-san?'' || name your price
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| |-
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| | ''Énte nomor sé washee-washee ketchee; nomor sé presento hava-yeh'' || if you do my washing satisfactorily, I'll pay you well
| |
| |}
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|
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| ===Vocabulary===
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| ====Personal pronouns====
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| Scattered Frontier Creole differs lexically from Standard Phineaner for some personal pronouns. The suffix'' '-me' ''indicates plural pronoun. Possibly'' '-me' ''is derived from the word ''semua'' that means 'all' in Phineaner.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner Personal Pronouns
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| |-
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| ! colspan=2| Type of pronoun
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| ! Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner
| |
| ! Meaning
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| |-
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| ! rowspan=3| First person
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| !| Singular
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| | temé (general), <br>kawé (intimate), <br>awok (intimate), <br>kemé (familiar), <br>ayé (very polite), <br>aku (informal), <br>gué (informal), <br>ané (informal)
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| | I, me
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| |-
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| ! rowspan=2| Plural
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| | kémé (general), <br>kume*, <br>teméymé (rare)
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| | we, us: they and me, s/he and me (exclusive)
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| |-
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| | kité
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| | we, us: you and me, you and us (inclusive)
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| |-
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| ! rowspan=2| Second person
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| !| Singular
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| | miké (general), <br>démo (familiar), <br>komé (intimate), <br>lō (informal), <br>énté (informal)
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| | you, thou, thee
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| |-
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| !| Plural
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| | komé (general), <br>mikemé
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| | you, y'all
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| |-
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| ! rowspan=2| Third person
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| !| Singular
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| | dié/diyé, <br>démé (familiar)
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| | he, she, him, her
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| |-
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| !| Plural
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| | démé (general), <br>démo
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| | they, them
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| |}
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| ====Intensifiers====
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| Instead of using "''bebena''", "''bbena''" or "''sangat''" as intensifier for an adjective, Scattered Frontier Creole Phineaner speakers also use specific intensifiers for some adjectives.
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| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="text-align: center;" | Standard Phineaner
| |
| ! style="text-align: center;" | Scattered Frontier Phineaner
| |
| ! style="text-align: center;" | Meaning
| |
| |-
| |
| | sangat putih || putéh llepok/ssuéh || very white
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| |-
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| | sangat hitam || ité bberé/llegé || very dark/black
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| |-
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| | sangat merah || méghoh nnyalé || very red
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| |-
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| | sangat biru/biru pekat || bighu kketu || very blue/dark blue
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| |-
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| | sangat kuning/kuning pekat || kunin nnéhé || very yellow/dark yellow
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| |-
| |
| | sangat cantik || comé lloté/llotén || very beautiful
| |
| |-
| |
| | sangat busuk || busuk bbanga/llaton || very smelly
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| |-
| |
| | sangat manis || manih lletin || very sweet
| |
| |-
| |
| | sangat tawar || tawa llésyo/bbésyo || very tasteless
| |
| |-
| |
| | sangat masam || masé ghutuk/ppughik || very sour
| |
| |-
| |
| | masam muka || masé ccétun || sour face
| |
| |-
| |
| | sangat hangus || hangik pengik || very scorched
| |
| |-
| |
| | sangat terik || panah jaté || very hot (Sun)
| |
| |-
| |
| | sangat panas || hangak pija || very hot
| |
| |-
| |
| | sangat sejuk || sejuk bedi || very cold
| |
| |-
| |
| | sangat kurus || kughuh gghehék || very thin (body)
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| <!--====Animals====
| |
| Scattered Frontier Phineaner also differs phonetically and lexically from Standard Phineaner for some animals.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="text-align: center;" | Standard Phineaner
| |
| ! style="text-align: center;" | Scattered Frontier Phineaner
| |
| ! style="text-align: center;" | Meaning
| |
| |-
| |
| | anjing || anjén || dog
| |
| |-
| |
| | buaya || boyé || crocodile
| |
| |-
| |
| | burung || boghong || bird
| |
| |-
| |
| | cacing || cacén || worm
| |
| |-
| |
| | cencurut || cencoghot || [[wikipedia:Malayan shrew|Phineaner shrew]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | harimau || ghima || tiger
| |
| |-
| |
| | ikan haruan/gabus || anok marok/meghoh, <br>iké bocak/bujuk, <br>iké bado || [[wikipedia:Channa striata|snakehead murrel]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | ikan temelian/tembelian || iké temoléh || ''[[wikipedia:Probarbus jullieni|Probarbus jullieni]]''
| |
| |-
| |
| | ikan tongkol || iké kayu || ''[[wikipedia:Euthynnus affinis|Euthynnus affinis]]''
| |
| |-
| |
| | kala jengking || kalé llipit || scorpion
| |
| |-
| |
| | kambing || kambén || goat
| |
| |-
| |
| | kelekatu || kkiuk || winged caste of [[wikipedia:termite|termite]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | kerbau || koba/kuba || buffalo
| |
| |-
| |
| | kerengga || konggé/kunggé || [[wikipedia:weaver ant|weaver ant]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | kucing || kucén || cat
| |
| |-
| |
| | labi-labi || jelebo || [[wikipedia:Trionychidae|softshell tortoise]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | pepatung/sesibur || cakcibo/cikcibo || dragonfly
| |
| |-
| |
| | pianggang || cenanga || ''Leptocoriza varicornis''
| |
| |-
| |
| | semut api || semuk ggata || [[wikipedia:fire ant|fire ant]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | ular || ula || snake
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ====Fruits and plants====
| |
| Scattered Frontier Phineaner has distinct names for specific fruits and plants. Some differ in pronunciation from Standard Phineaner.
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="text-align: center;" | Standard Phineaner
| |
| ! style="text-align: center;" | Scattered Frontier Phineaner
| |
| ! style="text-align: center;" | Meaning
| |
| |-
| |
| | cili || caba || chili
| |
| |-
| |
| | cili padi/api || caba bughong || [[wikipedia:Bird's eye chili|Bird's eye chili]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | durian || doyé/deghoyé || [[wikipedia:durian|durian]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | durian belanda || doyé/deghoyé mekoh/meghokoh || [[wikipedia:Annona muricata|soursop]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | kabung || kanto || [[wikipedia:sugar palm|sugar palm]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | kedondong || amra || ''[[wikipedia:Spondias dulcis|Spondias dulcis]]''
| |
| |-
| |
| | kelapa || nyio || coconut
| |
| |-
| |
| | kerdas || geduok/genuok || ''Archidendron bubalinum''
| |
| |-
| |
| | kuini || kuinén || [[wikipedia:Mangifera odorata|fragrant mango]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | limau bali || lima tambun || pomelo
| |
| |-
| |
| | mangga || pelé/mempelé || mango
| |
| |-
| |
| | manggis || manggeh || mangosteen
| |
| |-
| |
| | mencupu/cerapu || ceghopu || ''[[wikipedia:Garcinia prainiana|Garcinia prainiana]]''
| |
| |-
| |
| | petai || peta || ''[[wikipedia:Parkia speciosa|Parkia speciosa]]''
| |
| |-
| |
| | rambutan || muté/ghomukué || [[wikipedia:rambutan|rambutan]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | tampoi || laghoh || ''[[wikipedia:Baccaurea macrocarpa|Baccaurea macrocarpa]]''
| |
| |}-->
| |
| ====Language flowers====
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Scattered Frontier Phineaner
| |
| ! Standard Phineaner
| |
| ! Meaning
| |
| |-
| |
| | Yak!
| |
| | Opocot! / Opps!
| |
| | Oops!
| |
| |-
| |
| | Deh?
| |
| | Ok?
| |
| | Okay? (Usually to ask for a blessing or approval.)
| |
| |-
| |
| | Dih?
| |
| | Ya? / Bukan?
| |
| | Yeah? / No?
| |
| |-
| |
| | Gak / Gok
| |
| | Habis tu... / Jadi...
| |
| | Then... / So...
| |
| |-
| |
| | Pah?
| |
| | Habis tu... / Jadi...
| |
| | Then... / So... (Not much.)
| |
| |-
| |
| | Ho (Sound goes up to the nose.)
| |
| | Ya lah...
| |
| | Of course...
| |
| |-
| |
| | Dock?
| |
| | Bukan? / Betul tak?
| |
| | Isn't it? / Right? (The question.)
| |
| |-
| |
| | Lamoké bulih pékdoh
| |
| | Nantikan nak kena nii..
| |
| | Look forward to it..
| |
| |-
| |
| | Gelenya téh!
| |
| | Miangnya!
| |
| | What a mess!
| |
| |-
| |
| | Hok Aloh!
| |
| | Aduhai / Alahai
| |
| | Goodness
| |
| |}
| |
| ==== The term is often misunderstood ====
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2"| Term
| |
| ! colspan="2"| Meaning
| |
| ! rowspan="2"| Notes
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Standard Phineaner
| |
| ! English
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''selalu''
| |
| | terus/segera
| |
| | keep going/immediately
| |
| | Example: ''Wak slalu'' = do it immediately
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''rajin''
| |
| | pernah
| |
| | ever
| |
| | Example: ''Rajin gi'' = Have been to
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''bujé''
| |
| | bujang
| |
| | single
| |
| | Still not married, young or virgin
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''koté
| |
| | kontang
| |
| | anhydrous
| |
| | Example: ''Nyo koté'' = The fruitless coconut is very dry
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''patat''
| |
| | dasar
| |
| | basin
| |
| | Example: ''Patat sungai'' = River basin
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''[[wikipedia:Palm wine|Tuak]]''
| |
| | nira
| |
| | palm wine
| |
| | non-alcoholic drinks
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''sia''
| |
| | sembuh
| |
| | heal
| |
| | Sounds like ''sial'' (damn) or ''siar'' (spread)<br>Example: ''Luké ané nok sia doh'' = My wounds are healed<br>(Misunderstood: Luka saya nak siar [merebak] = My wounds want to spread)
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| For example:
| |
|
| |
| Tourists from outside Kéijō get a boat rental service for go to Europa Island. This tourist are speaking in [[Pyeongrang Phineaner]] while this rental driver are speaking in Scattered Frontier Phineaner.
| |
|
| |
| Tourists: Koi nak ke Pulo Eropa, pakman. (I want to go to Europa Island, uncle)</br>
| |
| Driver: Nok gi slalu nyé? (Want to go right now?)</br>
| |
| Tourists: Idak, baru skali je koi ke sane. (No, I just went there.)</br>
| |
| Driver: ????</br>
| |
| ==Dialects and accents between native speakers== | | ==Dialects and accents between native speakers== |
| In this dialect there is also a slight difference of pronunciation from certain districts and regions where the suffix -'''ong''' and -'''eng''' are omitted or do not sound: | | In this dialect there is also a slight difference of pronunciation from certain districts and regions where the suffix -'''ong''' and -'''eng''' are omitted or do not sound: |
