Codex Iuris

The cover of the Codex Iuris of Nouvelle Alexandrie

The Codex Iuris of Nouvelle Alexandrie, often translated as the Civil Code or Code of Laws, is the official collected work of general and federal statutory law. It was created mostly by the Federal Constituent Assembly. It regulates many aspects of civil law in the nation, although it is not an exhaustive work. It was first promulgated by Royal Decree by King Manco Cápac I on 12.I.1690 AN. It bears the signature of Alejandro Campos, the first President of the Government, and Vicaquirao Alvarez, the first Vice-President of the Government. Since then, the Code has been amended numerous times, last in 1714 AN.

In accordance with the Proclamation of Punta Santiago, the development of civil legislation is the duty of the Cortes Federales. However, the Regional governments have some competencies in creating civil legislation that are part of the Codex.

History of the civil code

The civil code of Nouvelle Alexandrie derived in large part from the former laws of Alduria and Wechua Nation, the former of which was further derived from Alexandrian and Caputian Law. The codification of the civil law of Nouvelle Alexandrie began shortly after the signing of the Proclamation of Punta Santiago. It is generally divided into three periods: the period between 1685 and 1690 AN, when the code was devised and approved; between 1690 and 1693 AN, when the Constituent Assembly expanded and amended it; and the time after 1693 AN, when the Cortes Federales maintained the Code.

First Period

The codification of the civil law between 1685 and 1688 AN was mostly focused upon the creations of Title 1 to 4, which deals with matters pertaining to people, property, and legal norms. The Federal Constituent Assembly was responsible for adapting previous laws from Alduria and Wechua to the new nation. It was the project of Campos and Alvarez as part of the New Prosperity Plan and the strong need for a framework of laws. The Code contained in this first edition a lot of the Humanist ideology, as well as Federalism, with strong space for regional rights. The decision to promulgate the Codex in 1690 AN was a decision by Campos, who decided to resign shortly after his second term started.

Transitional Period

After the first edition was promulgated, Jean-Michel Lavaud, Campos' successor, worked with the Constituent Assembly to expand the Civil Code. This was also part of the amendment process of the Proclamation. While smaller than the process of the devision of the Code, it was expanded with several articles that were important to administrative law. The second edition with these additions was published in 1693 AN, shortly before the instalment of the First Session of the Cortes Federales.

Present Period

The Civil Code was amended several times since 1693 AN on various places, including through reforms for family and property rights. The Cortes Federales is the current owner of the Codex and therefore has the power to amend it.

Structure

The code is limited in scope according to Humanist ideology, with the only accepted objects of Law to be people, property, and actions. The book is divided into a preliminary part, which devises the legal norms and their applications; and four titles that deal with property, obligations and contracts, family law, and succession law. The last part concerns transition and miscellaneous provisions.

Title	Title	Chapter	Articles
Preliminary	I: Sources Of Law		1-2
	II: Application of the judicial norms		3-5
	III: General effectiveness of legal rules		6-7
	IV: Private international law rules		8-12
	V: Scope of application of coexisting civil legal regimes in the national territory		13-16
Book I: The People	I: Of Nationals and Foreigners		17-28
	II: On Birth and Expiration of civil personality	I: Natural Persons	29-34
		II: Legal Persons	35-39
	III: The Domicile		40-41
	IV: Marriage	I: General Provisions	42-74
		II: Religious Marriage	75-82
		III: Civil Marriage	83-107
	V: Paternity and Inheritance	I: Legitimate Children	108-114
		II: Proofs of parentage of the legitimate children	115-118
		III: Legitimized Children	119-128
		IV: Illegitimate Children	129-141
	VI: Food		142-153
	VII: Parent-Child Relationships	I: General Provisions	154
		II: Effects of Parental Authority regarding the Persons of the Children	155-158
		III: Effects of Parental Authority regarding the Assets of the Children	159-166
		IV: Expiration of Parental Authority	167-171
		V: Adoption and other forms of Protection of Minors	172-180
	VIII: Absence	I: Declaration of Absence and its Effects	181-192
		II: Declaration of Death	193-197
		III: Registration of Death, Disappearance, and Legal Absence	198
	IX: Guardianship and Custody of Minors	I: General Provisions	199-234
		II: Judicial Defender of the Minor	235-236
		III: De facto Custody of the Minor	237-238
	X: Old Age and Emancipation		239-248
	XI: Support Measures for People with Disabilities to Exercise their legal capacity	I: General Provisions	249-253
		II: Voluntary Support Measures	254-262
		III: De facto Guardian of people with Disabilities	263-267
		IV: Conservatorship	268-294
		V: Judicial Defender of the person with Disabilities	295-298
		VI: Liability for Damage caused to Others	299
	XII: General Provisions		300-325
Book II: Animals, Goods, Property and its Modifications	Preliminary Provisions		326-333
	I: Classification of Animals and Goods	I: Real Estate	334
		II: Movable Property	335-337
		III: Goods according to the People to whom they Belong	338-345
		IV: Provisions common to the three previous chapters	346-347
	II: Property	I: Property in General	348-352
		II: Rights of Accession	353-383
		III: Borders and Demarcation	384-387
		IV: Right to close Farms	388
		V: Dilapidated Building and Fallen Trees	389-391
	III: Community of Goods		392-406
	IV: Special Properties	I: Waters	407-425
		II: Minerals	426-427
		III: Intellectual Property	428-429
	V: Possession	I: Possession and its Species	430-437
		II: Acquisition of Possession	438-445
		III: Effects of Possession	446-466
	VI: Usufruct, Use, and Habitation	I: Usufruct	467-522
		II: Use and Habitation	523-529
	VII: Easements	I: Easements in General	530-548
		II: Legal Easements	549-593
		III: Voluntary Easements	594-604
	VIII: The Registry of Property		605-608
Book III: The Different Ways of Acquiring Property	Preliminary Provisions		609
	I: Occupation		610-617
	II: Donation	I: Nature of Donations	618-623
		II: People who can make or receive Donations	624-633
		III: Effects and Limitations of Donations	634-643
		IV: Revocation and Reduction of Donations	644-656
	III: Succession	I: General Provisions	657-661
		II: Wills	662-743
		III: Inheritance	744-911
		IV: Intestate Succession	912-929
		V: Order of Happening according to the diversity of lineage	930-958
		VI: Provisions common to Inheritances by will or without it	959-1034
		VII: Collation and partititon	1035-1087
Book IV: Obligations and Contracts	I: Obligations	I: General Provisions	1088-1093
		II: Nature and Effect of the Obligations	1094-1112
		III: The Various Kinds of Obligations	1113-1155
		IV: Expiration of Obligations	1156-1213
		V: Proof of Obligations	1214-1253
	II: Contracts	I: General Provisions	1254-1260
		II: Essential Requirements for the Validity of Contracts	1261-1277
		III: Effectiveness of Contracts	1278-1280
		IV: Interpretation of Contracts	1281-1289
		V: Termination of Contracts	1290-1299
		VI: Nullity of Contracts	1300-1314
	III: Economic Regime	I: General Provisions	1315-1324
		II: Marriage Agreements	1325-1335
		III: Donations by Reason of Marriage	1336-1343
		IV: Community of Property	1344-1410
		V: Participation Regime	1411-1444
	IV: Purchase and Sale Contract	I: Nature and Form of this Contract	1445-1456
		II: Ability to Buy or Sell	1457-1459
		III: Effects of the Purchase and Sale Contract when the Thing Sold has been Lost	1460
		IV: Seller's Obligations	1461-1499
		V: Buyer's Obligations	1500-1505
		VI: Resolution of the Sale	1506-1525
		VII: Transfer of Money and other Incorporeal Rights	1526-1536
		VIII: General layout	1537
	V: Exchange		1538-1541
	VI: Lease	I: General Provisions	1542-1545
		II: Leases of Rural and Urban Properties	1546-1582
		III: Leases of Works and Services	1583-1603
	VII: Census	I: General Provisions	1604-1627
		II: Emphyteutic Census	1628-1656
		III: Consignative Census	1657-1660
		IV: Reservation Census	1661-1664
	VIII: Companies	I: General Provisions	1665-1678
		II: Obligations of the Partners	1679-1699
		III: Ways to Extinguish Companies	1700-1708
	IX: Mandate	I: Nature, Form, and Species of the Mandate	1709-1717
		II: Obligations of Agents	1718-1726
		III: Principal's Obligation	1727-1731
		IV: Ways to Finish the Mandate	1732-1739
	X: Loans	I: General Provisions	1740-1752
		II: Simple Loans	1753-1757
	XI: Deposits	I: Deposits in General and its Various Species	1758-1759
		II: Deposits themselves	1760-1784
		III: Abduction	1785-1789
	XII: Random or Lucky Contracts	I: General Layout	1790
		II: Maintenance Contract	1791-1797
		III: Game and Bets	1798-1801
		IV: Life Annuity	1802-1808
	XIII: Transactions and Commitments	I: Transactions	1809-1819
		II: Commitments	1820-1821
	XIV: Bail	I: Nature and Extent of the Guarantee	1822-1829
		II: Effects of Bail	1830-1846
		III: On expiration of Bonds	1847-1853
		IV: Legal and Judicial Guarantees	1854-1856
	XV: Ledge, Mortgage, and Antichresis Contracts	I: Pledge	1857-1862
		II: Garment	1863-1873
		III: Mortgage	1874-1880
		IV: Antichresis	1881-1886
	XVI: Obligations that are Contracted without an Agreement	I: Quasi Contracts	1887-1901
		II: Obligations that Arise from Fault or Negligence	1902-1910
	XVII: Concurrence and Priority of Credits	I: General Provisions	1911-1920
		II: Classification of Credits	1921-1925
		III: Priority of Credits	1926-1929
	XVIII: Prescriptions	I: General Provisions	1930-1939
II: Prescription of the Domain and other Real Rights		1940-1960
III: Prescription of Actions		1961-1975
Final Provision			1976
Transitional Provisions			1977-1990
Additional Provisions			1991-1994

See also

• Proclamation of Punta Santiago
• Laws of Nouvelle Alexandrie
• Cortes Federales of Nouvelle Alexandrie