User:James E Wilary/Sandbox-MKarticle-full

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Meckelnish
Meckelnburghish
Mæchelebörchs
Pronunciation [ˈmæˑxəl(ə)ˌbøːɹ̈xs]
Native to Meckelnburgh

Branniboria

Region Northern Apollonia
  • Tallandor Bay
Ethnicity Meckelners
Native speakers approx. [unknown]
Language family Pancontinental
  • Prætaic–Arminic
    • Crando-Batavian
      • Apollo-Batavian
        • Meckelnish
Early forms Proto-Crando-Batavian
  • Old Low Maas
    • Old Meckelnish
      • Early Modern Meckelnish
Standard form Victoria University Standard
Dialects
Writing system Audente script (Meckelnish alphabet)
Official status
Official language in United Kingdom of Meckelnburgh
Regulated by Royal Academy of Letters
Language codes
MOS-9 codes mk

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n (ɲ) (ŋ)
Plosive/Affricate p b t d t͡ʃ d͡ʒ (c͡ç) (ɟ͡ʝ) k g
Fricative f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ (ç) (ʝ) x h (ɦ)
Approx. Central j ɹ̈
Lateral l (ʎ) (ɫ)
Labial (ɥ) w
  • /x/ is realized in coda-position after close front unrounded vowels (/i/, /ɪ/) as /ç/.
  • /n/ is realized in coda-position as /ŋ/ before velar plosives (/k/, /g/) and /g/ is deleted, where /ngk/ clusters realize as /ŋk/.
  • /s/ is voiced following voiced consonants (e.g. /b/, /d/, /g/, /m/, /n/) as /z/.
  • Voiceless fricatives (/f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/, /h/) are voiced in intervocalic positions as their voiced counterparts (/v/, /ð/, /z/, /ʒ/, /ɦ/).
  • Palatalizing consonants (see table) change before /j/ or front rounded vowels (/y/, /ʏ/, /øː/), including intersyllabic.
  • Alveolar plosives and fricatives (/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/) are realized as postalveolar (/t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/) before /ɹ̈/.
  • /h/ follows a complex allophonic system (see table) realized as /h/, /ɦ/, /x/ or /ç/.
  • Alveolar plosives (/t/, /d/) are realized as /ð/ intervocalically after stressed syllables in multisyllabic roots.
  • /l/ is lengthened intervocalically as /lː/ after stressed syllables and velarized in word-final position as /ɫ/.
Palatalization
Backing Fronting
Nasal n → ɲ
Affricate t → t͡ʃ d → d͡ʒ k, x → c͡ç g → ɟ͡ʝ
Fricative s → ʃ z → ʒ h → ç ɹ̈ → ʝ
Approx. l → ʎ w → ɥ
H-allophones
Vowels IPA
Front Close ç
Mid–open h
Back Close x
Mid–open ɦ

Vowels

Monophthongs
Front Central Back
unrounded rounded
long short nasal long short long short nasal
Close i ɪ y ʏ (ə) u ʊ
Mid eː ɛ (œ̃) øː oː ɔ (ɔ̃)
Open æˑ aː ɑ (ɑ̃)
Di- and triphthongs
Front Back
unrounded rounded
fronting backing fronting backing
Close iə̯u̯ ui̯
Mid ɛi̯ eːu̯ øːy̯ ɔi̯ oːu̯
Open ɑi̯
  • Roots with long vowels shorten when the following syllable begins with a vowel (e.g. /CiC/ > /CɪC.V/).
  • Long vowels only exist in stressed syllables while short vowels exist in any position.
  • /æˑ/ functions in both long and short vowel positions.
  • /ə/ can serve in a stressed syllable if it is a minor word (i.e. articles, pronouns, etc.).
  • /j/ vocalizes to /i̯/ following a front unrounded or back vowel (e.g. /ɛ/, /ɑ/, /u/) in a syllable
  • Stressed mid and open front vowels (/eː/, /ɛ/, /øː/, /æˑ/) nasalize as /œ̃/ before a nasal consonant (/m/, /n/, /ɲ/, /ŋ/).
  • While stressed mid back vowels (/oː/, /ɔ/) nasalize as /ɔ̃/ and open back vowels (/aː/, /ɑ/) nasalize as /ɑ̃/.
  • /j/ vocalizes to /y̯/ following a front rounded vowel (/y/, /øː/, /ʏ/).
  • /w/ vocalizes to /u̯/ following a vowel.
  • Adjoining /i/ or /ɪ/ merge to /i/, /y/ or /ʏ/ to /y/, and /u/ to /u/, including across syllables.
  • /ɛ/ reduces to /ə/ in unstressed positions.
  • /ə/ deletes in open syllables if a lawful consonant cluster forms and is not morphologically significant (i.e. plurals).

Orthography

Alphabet
Majuscule A B Ƀ C D E F G H I J K L M N O Ö P R S T U Ü W IJ Z Æ Þ Ð
Minuscule a b ƀ c d e f g h i j k l m n o ö p r s t u ü w ij z æ þ ð
Name
Consonants
Spelling IPA
b /b/
ƀ /v/
d /d/
f /f/
g /g/
h /h/, /ɦ/, /ç/, /x/
j /j/
k /k/
l /l/
m /m/
n /n/
p /p/
r /ɹ̈/
s /s/
t /t/
w /w/
z /z/
þ /θ/
ð /ð/
Multigraphs
Spelling IPA
cg /d͡ʒ/
ch /x/, /ç/, /c͡ç/
dj /d͡ʒ/
dsch /d͡ʒ/
gge /ɟ͡ʝ/
gj /ɟ͡ʝ/
hj /ç/
hl /ɫ/
kj /c͡ç/
kke /c͡ç/
lj /ʎ/
ll /lː/
ng /ŋ/
nj /ɲ/
rj /ʝ/
sc(h) /ʃ/
sj /ʃ/
t(s)j /t͡ʃ/
tsch /t͡ʃ/
wj /ɥ/
zj /ʒ/
zsch /ʒ/
Vowels
Spelling IPA
major minor
a /ɑ/ /aː/
â(n/m) /ɑ̃n/, /ɑ̃m/ —
aa /aː/ —
ai /ai̯/
au(w) /oːu̯/
æ /æ/
e /ɛ/ /ə/
ê(n/m) /œ̃n/, /œ̃m/ —
é /eː/ —
ee /eː/ —
ei /ɛi̯/
eu(w) /eːu̯/
ieu(w) /iə̯u̯/
i /ɪ/ —
ij /i/
i‧j /ɪ.j/
ô(n/m) /ɔ̃n/, /ɔ̃m/ —
o /ɔ/ /oː/
oi /ɔi̯/
oo /oː/ —
ou(w) /øːy̯/
ö /øː/ —
u /ʊ/ /u/
ui /ui̯/
uu /u/ —
ü /ʏ/ /y/
üü /y/ —

Grammar

Personal pronouns
Subject Object Possessive Reflexive
masculine neuter fem./plur.
full enc. full enc. full enc. full enc. full enc.
sing. 1st ijch 'ch mijch m'ch mijne(n) m'ne(n) mij(n) me (m'n) mijn m'n mijch m'ch
2nd fam. dijch de dijch d'ch dijne(n) d'ne(n) dij(n) de (d'n) dijn d'n dijch d'ch
polite du d'r üüch öre(n) ör üüch
3rd masc. heer 'r hêm 'm zijne(n) z'ne(n) zij(n) ze (z'n) zijn z'n zijch z'ch
neut. het 't het 't
fem. zij ze hjör 'r hjöre(n) 're(n) hjör 'r hjör 'r
indef. me eege(n) eeg
plur. 1st ƀeer ƀ'r üs üüze(n) üüs üs
2nd geer g'r üüch öre(n) ör üüch
3rd zij ze hjün hjüne(n) hjün zijch z'ch
epicene dé
dummy da d'r —
  • Personal pronouns are rendered in their full form when stressed and their enclitic form when not.
  • Word-final ⟨n⟩ is added in genitive forms before ⟨t⟩, ⟨d⟩, a vowel, or ⟨h⟩.
Indefinite pronouns
Human Place Object
indefinite ijmes örges eets
negative nijmes njörges niks
universal edereen üƀeraahl alles
who what which where when why how
nom./acc. wé wat wat för wu wân wurjüm hu
genitive ƀaan wé ƀaan wat
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