| body |
xonu |
|
noun: head, main
|
| government |
xonuti |
|
noun: traditional: king, leader, chieftain; modern: president
|
| grammar |
ti |
|
suffix: abstraction of noun to refer to a person
|
| grammar |
lla |
|
suffix: area belonging to the modified noun
|
| grammar |
qe |
|
suffix: part, section, subdivision of the modified noun
|
| grammar |
kan |
|
suffix: Added to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)".
|
| |
sawa |
|
adjective: free, unchained, not in servitude, independent
|
| government |
rrumë |
|
noun: state, independent entity
|
| grammar |
ta |
|
conjunction: and
|
| government |
kosos |
Pr. Koïsoß, "Empire or a significant State, realm, domain, sphere" |
noun: empire
|
| interjection |
oyá |
|
interj.: hello, hi
|
| color |
lunti |
|
noun, adjective: green
|
| structure |
ffaman |
|
noun: garden, fenced or otherwise delimited area with controlled greenery
|
| direction |
esa |
|
noun, adjective: east
|
| geology |
paharr |
|
noun: spring, source of running water
|
| direction |
ate |
|
noun, adjective: west
|
| geography |
hareffa [ha'reθa] |
|
noun: island
|
| geography |
hareffina [ha'reθina] |
Sa. hareffa, island + ina, half |
noun: peninsula
|
| colloquialism |
tata |
|
noun: filth, dirt
|
| profanity |
tati |
Sa. tata, filth, dirt |
noun: originally a derogatory term for Sanis used by Istvani-speakers in and around Niyi. Now considered a racist slur, but used to that effect all over the country in certain circles.
|
| abstract |
pesh |
|
adjective, noun: dead, death
|
| abstract |
peshë |
|
verb: die, cease to live
|
| geography |
ranti |
|
noun: shore, often rocky or forested
|
| direction |
taha |
From San. taxa sea |
noun, adjective: south
|
| geography |
puri |
|
noun: harbour, port
|
| geography |
kara |
|
noun: river
|
|
axi |
|
adjective: new
|
|
pantera [pan'teɾa] |
Cis. bandiera |
noun: flag
|
|
insenya [ɪn'senja] |
Cis. insegna |
noun: ensign
|
|
sale |
|
noun: health, soundness
|
|
sale |
Cis. sale |
noun: salt
|
|
manso |
Cis. manzo |
noun: beef, meat from cattle
|
|
maton |
Ist. mutton |
noun: mutton, meat from sheep
|
|
kalarra |
|
noun: fish
|
|
whaso |
|
noun: bird
|
|
inseto [ɪn'seto] |
Cis. insetto |
noun: insect
|
|
ffesun |
|
noun: animal, beast, non-human living being
|
|
xosale |
San. xo much, plentiful + San. sale health |
interj. greetings. Often pronounced xos. Heavily promoted by Sani- and Ama-speaking cantons instead of Istvanistani expressions. Slightly formal.
|
|
shaw |
Cis. ciao |
interj. hello, hi. Sometimes used in Amarra and by Sanaman speakers in majority Cisamarrese areas.
|
|
helo |
Ist. hello |
interj. hello, hi. Sometimes used in Sanilla and by Sanaman speakers in majority Istvanistani areas.
|
|
namake |
Bab. namak salt |
noun: semen
|
|
narte |
Bab. nard nectar |
noun: vaginal fluids
|
| geography |
ixar |
|
noun: inlet, narrow bay
|
| direction |
punta |
From San. punto mountain |
noun, adjective: north
|
| building |
islus |
Elw. islus sluice |
noun: sluice, lock
|
| concept |
halin |
|
adj.: secure, safe
|
| concept |
halimpan |
San. halin secure, safe |
noun: security, safety
|
| grammar |
-pan |
|
suffix: turns an abstract adjective into a noun
|
| direction |
apishe |
Cis. apice apex, peak, climax, top |
noun: apex, top, peak
|
|
sawa [sa'wa] |
R. Laq. zaua fight, battle, war |
noun: disagreement, conflict
|
| business |
pangka |
Cis. banca bank |
noun: bank
|
| grammar |
-li |
|
suffix: genitive, signifying the owner of the preceding noun phrase
|
| grammar |
-ya |
|
suffix: turns an abstract noun into an adjective
|
|
neyshën |
Ist. nation |
noun: nation
|
|
nashonal |
Ist. national |
adj.: national
|
|
llusan |
San. llus discussion, an house |
noun: assembly, council; often used for the traditional local tribal councils in Sanilla and Amarra. For foreign deliberative bodies, konselyo is used.
|
|
llus |
|
noun: discussion, exchange of ideas; a mutual meaningful conversation.
|
|
llusë |
San. llus discussion, exchange of ideas |
verb: to discuss, to exchange ideas.
|
|
konselyo [kon'seljo] |
Cis. consiglio |
noun: council; see also llusan.
|
| grammar |
-en |
|
suffix: turns a transitive verb into a noun.
|
| structure |
an |
|
noun: house, built structure for human habitation.
|
| grammar |
-ako |
|
suffix: place of, physical space belonging to the modified word. Contrasts with -lla in that -lla refers to a geographical area.
|
|
rrumëti |
San. rrumë state, San. -ti person of. |
noun: citizen, national. Ex.: rrumëti Sanamali, citizen of Sanama.
|
| nature |
qani |
Elw qanyr snowflake |
noun: snow
|
| geography |
estorlla [e'stoɾ̥ɬa] |
Sto. Stormark, San. -lla area belonging to |
noun: Stormark
|
|
estorti [e'stoɾtɪ] |
San. estor(lla) Stormark, -ti person of |
noun: 1. Storish person, 2. degenerate
|
|
estorya [e'stoɾja] |
San. estor(lla) Stormark, -ya turns noun into adjective |
1. adj.: Storish, 2. adj.: Morally corrupt, degenerated
|
| number |
nula |
Cis. nulla zero |
zero
|
| number |
lan |
|
one
|
| number |
harh |
|
two
|
| number |
si |
|
three
|
| number |
tiqa |
|
four
|
| number |
palë |
|
five
|
| number |
walana |
|
six
|
| number |
iko |
|
seven
|
| number |
sheya |
|
eight
|
| number |
nako |
|
nine
|
| number |
shara |
|
ten
|
| number |
lhuna |
|
eleven
|
| number |
xumi |
|
twelve
|
| number |
xumi-ta-lan |
|
thirteen
|
| number |
xumi-ta-harh |
|
fourteen
|
| number |
xumi-ta-si |
|
fifteen
|
| number |
xumi-ta-tiqa |
|
sixteen
|
| number |
xumi-ta-palë |
|
seventeen
|
| number |
xumi-ta-walana |
|
eighteen
|
| number |
xumi-ta-iko |
|
nineteen
|
| number |
xusha |
|
twenty
|
| number |
xusha-ta-lan |
|
twenty-one
|
| number |
xusha-ta-xumi |
|
thirty
|
| number |
harh-a-xusha |
|
forty
|
| number |
harh-a-xusha-ta-xumi |
|
fifty
|
| number |
si-na-xusha |
|
sixty
|
| number |
si-na-xusha-ta-xumi |
|
seventy
|
| number |
tiqa-na-xusha |
|
eighty
|
| number |
tiqa-na-xusha-ta-xumi |
|
ninety
|
| number |
hanta |
|
(one) hundred
|
| number |
tirenta |
|
Cis. trenta thirty |
thirty
|
| number |
karanta |
|
Cis. quaranta forty |
forty
|
| number |
sinkanta |
|
Cis. cinquanta fifty |
fifty
|
| number |
sesanta |
Cis. sessanta sixty |
sixty
|
| number |
setanta |
Cis. settanta seventy |
seventy
|
| number |
otanta |
Cis. ottanta eighty |
eighty
|
| number |
nofanta |
Cis. novanta ninety |
ninety
|
| number |
fuwapalë |
San. furr two, San. wapalë thirty; two thirties |
sixty
|
| number |
fushepalina |
San. fushepalë eighty, San. ina half |
seventy
|
| number |
fushepalë |
San. furr two, San. shepalë forty; two forties |
eighty
|
| number |
patipalina |
San. patipalë hundred, San. ina half |
ninety
|
| number |
patipalë |
San. palë five, San. tipalë twenty; five twenties |
hundred
|
| number |
sento |
Cis. cento hundred |
hundred
|
| number |
mile |
Cis. mille thousand |
thousand
|
| concept |
kaye |
|
none, lack of something
|
| suffix |
-kaye |
|
lack of the modified word, like Ist. -less
|
| prefix |
lan- |
San. lan one |
definite form, one unit of the noun
|
| particle |
qul |
San. qale many |
undeterminate plural
|
|
qale |
|
many, lots, several
|
|
miqale |
|
few
|
| prefix |
mi- |
|
turns the modified word into its antonym
|
| animal |
aso |
|
noun: dog; domesticated canis lupus familiaris.
|
|
uray |
|
noun: love, deep affection
|
|
uraya |
San. uray love (n) |
t. verb: to love, to have deep affection for something or someone.
|
|
urayya |
San. uray love (n) |
lovingly, affectionately
|
|
sharam |
|
people, ethnic group
|
| structure |
pahay |
|
house, dwelling, establishment; home
|
|
pahayë |
San. pahay home |
verb: to live (somewhere); having a home, being at home. She lives in a house
|
| food |
pikas |
|
rice
|
| abstract nouns |
serhqal |
|
noun: theft, thievery
|
| concept |
serhqalya |
|
adj.: stolen, taken
|
| actions |
serhqalë |
|
t. verb: to steal, to take without permission
|
| geography |
taxa |
|
noun: sea, ocean
|
| person |
taxati |
|
noun: seaman, sailor
|
| physics |
hangko |
|
noun: air, atmosphere
|
| physics |
hare |
|
noun: land, Micras surface
|
| physics |
rhayon |
|
noun: lightning bolt
|
| physics |
axarana [axa'ɾana] |
|
noun: shadow
|
| grammar |
-ye |
|
case: from
|
| grammar |
-lan |
|
case: to
|
|
laxas |
|
noun: power, strength
|
|
laxasya |
San. laxas: power, strength |
adj.: powerful, strong
|
|
terhi |
|
noun: quickness, speediness
|
|
terhiya |
San. terhi: quickness, speediness |
adj.: quick, speedy
|
|
yenashë |
|
verb: to be loyal towards
|
|
yenashen |
|
noun: loyalty
|
|
katiwhë |
|
verb: to trust, to have faith in
|
|
katiwhen |
|
noun: faithfulness, trustworthiness
|
|
sumasë |
|
verb: to depend, to rely upon
|
|
sumasen |
|
noun: dependability, reliability
|
|
maheshanë |
|
verb: to support
|
|
maheshanen |
|
noun: "supportability"
|
|
maheshanenti |
|
noun: supporter
|
|
esu |
|
noun: day (day traditionally starts at sundown)
|
|
taxon |
|
noun: year
|
|
puwha |
|
noun: month
|
|
ling |
|
noun: week
|
| animals |
pupaw |
|
noun: pig, hog
|
| animals |
paka |
|
noun: cow
|
| animals |
kawlapa |
|
noun: carabao
|
| animals |
qaqatirri |
|
noun: bird endemic to Sanama
|
| animals |
putiki |
|
noun: lizard
|
| animals |
meheng |
|
noun: goat
|
| animals |
amerha |
|
noun: eagle
|
| animals |
mongko |
|
noun: mongoose
|
| animals |
piki |
|
noun: chicken
|
| animals |
yusha |
|
noun: deer
|
| animals |
posa |
|
noun: cat
|
| animals |
telhera |
|
noun: fish endemic to Sanaman lakes and rivers
|
| animals |
ihaw |
|
noun: donkey
|
| animals |
yuha |
|
noun: monkey
|
|
mahalalë |
|
verb: to remember, to recall
|
|
mahalalen |
|
noun: rememberance, recollection
|
| grammar |
-xelh |
|
suffix: suffix indicating the word is to an extreme extent
|
|
kota |
|
noun: oar
|
|
kosel |
|
noun: rudder, steering apparatus on a ship
|
|
koslë |
|
verb: to steer
|
|
koslhen |
|
noun: government, rulership
|
|
sharamya |
|
adj.: popular (from people)
|
|
koslhen sharamyapan |
|
noun: democracy
|
|
koslhen sharamyaya |
|
adj.: democratic
|
|
sim |
|
suffix: performer of a verb
|
|
qukal |
From Proto-Sanaman qukaleni, "teeth" |
noun: ceremonial mace, fish-fork (archaic)
|
|
qukalsim |
|
noun: chairperson, president of a committee, council leader, chieftain (archaic)
|
|
ffel |
|
suffix: forms nouns denoting instrument from verb
|
|
tawal |
|
noun: gathering; also a Sanaman community gathering or party
|
|
tatawal |
|
noun: assembly, (political) party
|
|
lanyita |
|
noun: union
|
| suffix |
-yita |
|
suffix: abstraction of noun
|
|
peha |
|
noun: part, share
|
|
pehati |
From peha, "part, share" and -ti, "person" |
noun: member
|
|
orën |
|
noun: law, regulation
|
| suffix |
-ë |
|
suffix: turns word into verb
|
|
sisikë |
|
verb: to stick to, to adhere, to conform to something, to enforce
|
|
sisiken |
|
noun: adherence, conformity, enforcement
|
| suffix |
-xin, -ken, -ki |
|
suffix: derivation of nouns
|
|
pepehaken |
From peha, "part, share" with reduplication and -ken, derivation of nouns. |
noun: department, section
|
|
urqo |
|
noun: bull; male bovine
|
|
haxal |
|
noun: lord, ruler; ruler serving under the xonuti
|
|
haxalla |
|
noun: lord's domain
|
|
shuka |
|
noun: market
|
|
shukako |
|
noun: marketplace, city
|
|
qale |
|
interjection: thanks, thank you
|
|
qaqale |
duplication of first syllable in qale, thanks |
noun: many thanks
|
|
maputi |
From maha, "time" and puti, "good" |
interjection: welcome
|
|
lipi |
Extension of meaning from lipi, "hearth" |
noun: family, kin, hearth
|
|
pane |
|
adj: sandy beach
|
|
tira |
|
noun: lowlands, fields
|
|
korta |
From Cisamarrese and Tellian corda, see also Martino cuerda |
noun: string, line
|
|
parhkita |
From Old Ama parikita, from Old Praeta bairg- + -ida, meaning "keep, fortress" |
noun: castle, palace
|
|
harunti |
From Old Ama haruniti, from Old Praeta airundi, meaning "letter, written message" |
noun: legal proclamation, for example of new legislation coming into effect
|
|
erin |
From Praeta Ærnn, meaning "letter, written message", se also "harunti" |
noun: letter, written note or message
|
|
kalsho |
From Cisamarrese calcio, meaning "a kick, football" |
noun: Association football
|
|
pa |
From Proto-Cosimo-Benacian pa, "father" |
noun: father.
|
|
ma |
From Proto-Cosimo-Benacian ma, "mother" |
noun: mother.
|
|
ana |
From Proto-Cosimo-Benacian hana, "child, offspring" |
noun: child, biological offspring; also used as a diminutive form for "son/daughter".
|
|
anati |
From Proto-Cosimo-Benacian hana, "child, offspring" and -ti, a personhood marker |
noun: son/daughter, the social position of being a parent's offspring. Example: "The man is no longer an ana but will always be his father's anati".
|
|
leti |
From Proto-Cosimo-Benacian li, "man, male" and -ti, a personhood marker |
noun: man, male.
|
|
nati |
From Proto-Cosimo-Benacian na, "woman, female" and -ti, a personhood marker |
noun: woman, female.
|
