Hoennese calendar: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "{{HoennCore}} {{Hoennese article}} {{Nihongo|The '''Hoennese calendar'''|豐緣曆|Pun-yan yoɂ|lead=yes|hn=yes}} is the official calendar of Hoenn. It is a lunisolar calendar, which tracks both the phases of Terra's moon and the time of its solar year. The only fixed astronomical observances are the winter solstice, which always occurs in a non-intercalary eleventh month, and the second full moon thereafter, w...") |
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Years are counted after the first [[wikipedia:Mongol invasions of Japan|Mongol invasion of Hoenn]], in 1274 CE; therefore, the era of the calendar, ''ab Hoenne conditum'' (AHC), began with 1275 CE, which was 1 AHC. | Years are counted after the first [[wikipedia:Mongol invasions of Japan|Mongol invasion of Hoenn]], in 1274 CE; therefore, the era of the calendar, ''ab Hoenne conditum'' (AHC), began with 1275 CE, which was 1 AHC. | ||
== Months == | == Divisions of the year == | ||
=== Seasons === | |||
The Hoennese calendar is usually divided into four seasons: | |||
{| class=wikitable | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"|Istvanistani | |||
! rowspan="2"|Hoennese | |||
! colspan="2"|Katakaina | |||
! rowspan="2"|Romanization | |||
! rowspan="2"|Traditional dates | |||
|- | |||
! Etymological !! Phonetic | |||
|- | |||
|Spring || {{Nihongo|春|hn=yes}} || {{RTL|ハル}} || {{RTL|ハイ}} || Hai || Mutsuɂ 1 — Yayoh 29 or 30 | |||
|- | |||
|Summer || {{Nihongo|夏|hn=yes}} || {{RTL|ナツ}} || {{RTL|ナッ}} || Naɂ || Sanafedzuɂ 1 — Fundzuɂ 29 or 30 | |||
|- | |||
|Fall || {{Nihongo|秋|hn=yes}} || {{RTL|アキ}} || {{RTL|アッ}} || Aɂ || Hadzuɂ 1 — Nagatsuɂ 29 or 30 | |||
|- | |||
|Winter || {{Nihongo|冬|hn=yes}} || {{RTL|フユ}} || {{RTL|フイ}} || Fui || Kannadzuɂ 1 — Shifah 29 or 30 | |||
|} | |||
=== Months === | |||
Months of the Hoennese calendar start on the day of the astronomical new moon, when Sol & Luna are aligned, and solar eclipses can occur. As a result, a month can either be {{Nihongo|29|小月|kodzuɂ|hn=yes}} or {{Nihongo|30|大月|ofodzuɂ|hn=yes}} days long. No month is normally a particular length; the only surefire way to know the length of a month is to look at the calendar for a particular year. | Months of the Hoennese calendar start on the day of the astronomical new moon, when Sol & Luna are aligned, and solar eclipses can occur. As a result, a month can either be {{Nihongo|29|小月|kodzuɂ|hn=yes}} or {{Nihongo|30|大月|ofodzuɂ|hn=yes}} days long. No month is normally a particular length; the only surefire way to know the length of a month is to look at the calendar for a particular year. | ||
The months are kept in alignment with the solar year by the twelve solar points, obtained by dividing each of the four seasons into three. The first month always contains the second solar point after the winter solstice. Sometimes, a month falls entirely between two solar points, in which case that month is known as an {{Nihongo|intercalary month|閏月|uyufudzuɂ|hn=yes}}, and numbered identically to the previous month. The more common conventions for writing an intercalary month date in shorthand are to put a dot, plus sign, asterisk, or Latin letter B (from the Latin word for the number two, ''bis''), I (short for “intercalary”), or U (short for | The months are kept in alignment with the solar year by the twelve solar points, obtained by dividing each of the four seasons into three. The first month always contains the second solar point after the winter solstice. Sometimes, a month falls entirely between two solar points, in which case that month is known as an {{Nihongo|intercalary month|閏月|uyufudzuɂ|hn=yes}}, and numbered identically to the previous month. The more common conventions for writing an intercalary month date in shorthand are to put a dot, plus sign, asterisk, or Latin letter B (from the Latin word for the number two, ''bis''), I (short for “intercalary”), or U (short for ''uyufu'') after the month number. | ||
{| | {| class=wikitable | ||
! rowspan="2"|Ordinal | |||
! rowspan="2"|Hancha | |||
! colspan="2"|Katakaina | |||
! rowspan="2"|Romanization | |||
! rowspan="2"|Translation | |||
|- | |||
! Etymological | |||
! Phonetic | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || {{RTL|睦月}} || {{RTL|ムツキ}} || Mutsuɂ || Month of Love | | 1 || {{RTL|睦月}} || {{RTL|ムツキ}} || {{RTL|ムツッ}} || Mutsuɂ || Month of Love | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 || {{RTL|衣更着}} || {{RTL|キヌサラギ}} || Kinsaraɂ || Changing Clothes | | 2 || {{RTL|衣更着}} || {{RTL|キヌサラギ}} || {{RTL|キンサラッ}} || Kinsaraɂ || Changing Clothes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3 || {{RTL|彌生}} || {{RTL|ヤヨヒ}} || | | 3 || {{RTL|彌生}} || {{RTL|ヤヨヒ}} || {{RTL|ヤヨㇷ}} || Yayoh || New Life | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 || {{RTL|卯月}} || {{RTL|ウヅキ}} || Udzuɂ || Month of ''Deutzia'' Flowers | | 4 || {{RTL|卯月}} || {{RTL|ウヅキ}} || {{RTL|ウヅッ}} || Udzuɂ || Month of ''Deutzia'' Flowers | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 || {{RTL| | | 5 || {{RTL|皐月}} || {{RTL|サツキ}} || {{RTL|サツッ}} || Satsuɂ || Month of Early Rice Planting | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6 || {{RTL|水無月}} || {{RTL|ミナヅキ}} || Minadzuɂ || Month of Water | | 6 || {{RTL|水無月}} || {{RTL|ミナヅキ}} || {{RTL|ミナヅッ}} || Minadzuɂ || Month of Water | ||
|- | |||
| 7 || {{RTL|文月}} || {{RTL|フミヅキ}} || {{RTL|フンヅッ}} || Fundzuɂ || Month of Books | |||
|- | |||
| 8 || {{RTL|葉月}} || {{RTL|ハヅキ}} || {{RTL|ハヅッ}} || Hadzuɂ || Month of Leaves | |||
|- | |||
| 9 || {{RTL|長月}} || {{RTL|ナガツキ}} || {{RTL|ナガツッ}} || Nagatsuɂ || Long Month | |||
|- | |||
| 10 || {{RTL|神無月}} || {{RTL|カムナヅキ}} || {{RTL|カンナヅッ}} || Kannadzuɂ || Month of Gods | |||
|- | |||
| 11 || {{RTL|霜月}} || {{RTL|シモツキ}} || {{RTL|シモツッ}} || Shimotsuɂ || Month of Frost | |||
|- | |||
| 12 || {{RTL|師赱}} || {{RTL|シハス}} || {{RTL|シハㇷ}} || Shifah || Priests Running | |||
|} | |||
=== Cheiɂkui === | |||
Hoennese usually use the 24 {{Nihongo|solar terms|節氣|cheiɂkui|hn=yes}} for talking about the weather and climate. | |||
{| class = wikitable | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2"|Sol's ecliptic longitude | |||
! rowspan="2"|Hancha | |||
! colspan="2"|Katakaina | |||
! rowspan="2"|Romanization | |||
! rowspan="2"|Translation | |||
! rowspan="2"|Timing | |||
! rowspan="2"|Earthly Branch | |||
! rowspan="2"|Western astrological sign | |||
|- | |||
! Etymological | |||
! Phonetic | |||
|- | |||
| 315° || {{RTL|立春}} || {{RTL|リツチユム}} || {{RTL|リッチュン}} || Riɂchun || Beginning of Spring || Mutsuɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|寅 Tiger || ♒︎︎ Aquarius | |||
|- | |||
| 330° || {{RTL|雨水}} || {{RTL|ウス}} || {{RTL|ウㇷ}} || Uh || Rainwater || Mutsuɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♓︎︎ Pisces | |||
|- | |||
| 345° || {{RTL|驚蟄}} || {{RTL|キヨムチツ}} || {{RTL|キョンチッ}} || Kyonchiɂ || Awakening of Insects || Kinsaraɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|卯 Rabbit | |||
|- | |||
| 0° || {{RTL|春分}} || {{RTL|チユムブム}} || {{RTL|チュンブム}} || Chunpun || Spring Equinox || Kinsaraɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♈︎︎ Aries | |||
|- | |||
| 15° || {{RTL|淸明}} || {{RTL|チヨムミヨム}} || {{RTL|チョンミョン}} || Chonmyon || Pure Brightness || Yayoh 1–15 || rowspan="2"|辰 Dragon | |||
|- | |||
| 30° || {{RTL|榖雨}} || {{RTL|コクウ}} || {{RTL|コッウ}} || Koɂu || Grain Rain || Yayoh 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♉︎︎ Taurus | |||
|- | |||
| 45° || {{RTL|立夏}} || {{RTL|リブハ}} || {{RTL|リッハ}} || Riɂfa || Beginning of Summer || Udzuɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|巳 Snake | |||
|- | |||
| 60° || {{RTL|小滿}} || {{RTL|スマム}} || {{RTL|スマン}} || Suman || Grain Buds || Udzuɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♊︎︎ Gemini | |||
|- | |||
| 75° || {{RTL|芒種}} || {{RTL|マムヂヨム}} || {{RTL|マンヂョン}} || Mandjon || Grain in Ear || Satsuɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|午 Horse | |||
|- | |||
| 90° || {{RTL|夏至}} || {{RTL|ハチ}} || {{RTL|ハチ}} || Hachi || Summer Solstice || Satsuɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♋︎︎ Cancer | |||
|- | |||
| 105° || {{RTL|小暑}} || {{RTL|スシエ}} || {{RTL|スシェ}} || Sushe || Minor Heat || Minadzuɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|未 Sheep | |||
|- | |||
| 120° || {{RTL|大暑}} || {{RTL|テシエ}} || {{RTL|テシェ}} || Teshe || Major Heat || Minadzuɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♌︎︎ Leo | |||
|- | |||
| 135° || {{RTL|立秋}} || {{RTL|リブチユ}} || {{RTL|リッチュ}} || Riɂchu || Beginning of Autumn || Fundzuɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|申 Monkey | |||
|- | |||
| 150° || {{RTL|處暑}} || {{RTL|テヨス}} || {{RTL|テョㇷ}} || Choh || End of Heat || Fundzuɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♍︎︎ Virgo | |||
|- | |||
| 165° || {{RTL|白露}} || {{RTL|ベクロ}} || {{RTL|ベッロ}} || Peɂro || White Dew || Hadzuɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|酉 Chicken | |||
|- | |||
| 180° || {{RTL|秋分}} || {{RTL|チユブム}} || {{RTL|チュブン}} || Chupun || Autumn Equinox || Hadzuɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♎︎︎ Libra | |||
|- | |||
| 195° || {{RTL|寒露}} || {{RTL|ハムロ}} || {{RTL|ハンロ}} || Hanro || Cold Dew || Nagatsuɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|戌 Dog | |||
|- | |||
| 210° || {{RTL|霜降}} || {{RTL|サムカム}} || {{RTL|サンカン}} || Sankan || Frost's Descent || Nagatsuɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♏︎︎ Scorpio | |||
|- | |||
| 225° || {{RTL|立冬}} || {{RTL|リブトム}} || {{RTL|リットン}} || Riɂton || Beginning of Winter || Kannadzuɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|亥 Boar | |||
|- | |||
| 240° || {{RTL|小雪}} || {{RTL|スヽル}} || {{RTL|スヽイ}} || Susui || Minor Snow || Kannadzuɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♐︎︎ Sagittarius | |||
|- | |||
| 255° || {{RTL|大雪}} || {{RTL|テスル}} || {{RTL|テスイ}} || Tesui || Major Snow || Shimotsuɂ 1–15 || rowspan="2"|子 Rat | |||
|- | |||
| 270° || {{RTL|冬至}} || {{RTL|トムヂ}} || {{RTL|トンヂ}} || Tondji || Winter Solstice || Shimotsuɂ 16–29 or 30 || rowspan="2"|♑︎︎ Capricorn | |||
|- | |||
| 285° || {{RTL|小寒}} || {{RTL|スハム}} || {{RTL|スハン}} || Suhan || Minor Cold || Shifah 1–15 || rowspan="2"|丑 Cow | |||
|- | |||
| 300° || {{RTL|大寒}} || {{RTL|テハム}} || {{RTL|テハン}} || Tehan || Major Cold || Shifah 16–29 or 30 || ♒︎︎ Aquarius | |||
|} | |||
=== Chaɂchei === | |||
The 24 choiki are sometimes divided further into 72 {{Nihongo|microseasons|候|fyu|hn=yes}}, a system adapted from China in 411 AHC by Kantonian court astronomer {{Nihongo|Shiɂkô Chunfoi|渋川春海|hn=yes}}. Each microseason has traditional foods, flowers, birds, and customs & festivals associated with it, though the seasonal customs and festivals are not widely observed in Hoenn. Hoennese calendar apps often list the 72 microseasons, listed below: | |||
{| class=wikitable | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! № !! Cheiɂkui !! Month !! Dates !! [[Sangunese language|Yashima]] Name !! Romanization !! Translation | ||
|- | |||
|1 || rowspan="3"|Riɂchun || rowspan="6"|Mutsuɂ || 1–5 || 東風解凍 || Harukaze kōri o toku || The east wind melts the thick ice. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |2 || 6–10 || 黄鶯睍睆 || Kōō kenkan su || Bush warblers sing in the countryside. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 9 || | |3 || 11–15 || 魚上氷 || Uo kōri o izuru || Ice cracks, allowing fish to emerge. | ||
|- | |||
|4 || rowspan="3"|Uh || 16–20 || 土脉潤起 || Tsuchi no shō uruoi okoru || Rain falls, moistening the soil. | |||
|- | |||
|5 || 21–25 || 霞始靆 || Kasumi hajimete tanabiku || Mist lies over the land. | |||
|- | |||
|6 || 26–29 or 30 || 草木萌動 || Sōmoku mebae izuru || Trees and plants put forth buds. | |||
|- | |||
|7 || rowspan="3"|Kyonchiɂ || rowspan="6"|Kinsaraɂ || 1–5 || 蟄虫啓戸 || Sugomori mushito o hiraku || Hibernating insects emerge. | |||
|- | |||
|8 || 6–10 || 桃始笑 || Momo hajimete saku || Peach trees begin to bloom. | |||
|- | |||
|9 || 11–15 || 菜虫化蝶 || Namushi chō to naru || Cabbage whites emerge from their cocoons. | |||
|- | |||
|10 || rowspan="3"|Chunpun || 16–20 || 雀始巣 || Suzume hajimete sukū || Sparrows begin building their nests. | |||
|- | |||
|11 || 21–25 || 櫻始開 || Sakura hajimete saku || Cherry blossoms begin to bloom. | |||
|- | |||
|12 || 26–29 or 30 || 雷乃発声 || Kaminari sunawachi koe o hassu || Thunder rumbles far away. | |||
|- | |||
|13 || rowspan="3"|Chonmyon || rowspan="6"|Yayoh || 1–5 || 玄鳥至 || Tsubame kitaru || Swallows return from the south. | |||
|- | |||
|14 || 6–10 || 鴻雁北 || Kōgan kaeru || Wild geese fly north. | |||
|- | |||
|15 || 11–15 || 虹始見 || Niji hajimete arawaru || Rainbows begin to appear. | |||
|- | |||
|16 || rowspan="3"|Koɂu || 16–20 || 葭始生 || Ashi hajimete shōzu || Reeds begin to sprout. | |||
|- | |||
|17 || 21–25 || 霜止出苗 || Shimo yamite nae izuru || Rice seedlings grow. | |||
|- | |||
|18 || 26–29 or 30 || 牡丹華 || Botan hana saku || Peonies bloom. | |||
|- | |||
|19 || rowspan="3"|Riɂfa || rowspan="6"|Udzuɂ || 1–5 || 蛙始鳴 || Kawazu hajimete naku || Frogs begin croaking. | |||
|- | |||
|20 || 6–10 || 蚯蚓出 || Mimizu izuru || Worms wriggle to the surface. | |||
|- | |||
|21 || 11–15 || 竹笋生 || Takenoko shōzu || Bamboo shoots sprout. | |||
|- | |||
|22 || rowspan="3"|Suman || 16–20 || 蚕起食桑 || Kaiko okite kuwa o hamu || Silkworms feast on mulberry leaves. | |||
|- | |||
|23 || 21–25 || 紅花栄 || Benibana sakau || Safflowers bloom in abundance. | |||
|- | |||
|24 || 26–29 or 30 || 麦秋至 || Mugi no toki itaru || Barley ripens, ready to be harvested. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |25 || rowspan="3"|Mandjon || rowspan="6"|Satsuɂ || 1–5 || 蟷螂生 || Kamakiri shōzu || Praying mantises hatch and come forth. | ||
|- | |||
|26 || 6–10 || 腐草為螢 || Kusaretaru kusa hotaru to naru || Fireflies fly out from moist grass. | |||
|- | |||
|27 || 11–15 || 梅子黄 || Ume no mi kibamu || Plums ripen, turning yellow. | |||
|- | |||
|28 || rowspan="3"|Hachi || 16–20 || 乃東枯 || Natsukarekusa karuru || Prunella flowers wither. | |||
|- | |||
|29 || 21–25 || 菖蒲華 || Ayame hana saku || Irises bloom. | |||
|- | |||
|30 || 26–29 or 30 || 半夏生 || Hange shōzu || Crowdipper sprouts. | |||
|- | |||
|31 || rowspan="3"|Sushe || rowspan="6"|Minadzuɂ || 1–5 || 温風至 || Atsukaze itaru || Warm winds blow. | |||
|- | |||
|32 || 6–10 || 蓮始開 || Hasu hajimete hiraku || Lotuses begin to bloom. | |||
|- | |||
|33 || 11–15 || 鷹乃学習 || Taka sunawachi waza o narau || Young hawks learn to fly. | |||
|- | |||
|34 || rowspan="3"|Teshe || 16–20 || 桐始結花 || Kiri hajimete hana o musubu || Paulownia trees begin to produce seeds. | |||
|- | |||
|35 || 21–25 || 土潤溽暑 || Tsuchi uruōte mushi atsushi || The ground is damp, the air hot and humid. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | |36 || 26–29 or 30 || 大雨時行 || Taiu tokidoki furu || Heavy rains fall. | ||
|-. | |- | ||
| | |37 || rowspan="3"|Riɂchu || rowspan="6"|Fundzuɂ || 1–5 || 涼風至 || Suzukaze itaru || Cool winds blow. | ||
|- | |||
|38 || 6–10 || 寒蝉鳴 || Higurashi naku || Evening cicadas begin to sing. | |||
|- | |||
|39 || 11–15 || 蒙霧升降 || Fukaki kiri matō || Thick fog blankets the land. | |||
|- | |||
|40 || rowspan="3"|Choh || 16–20 || 綿柎開 || Wata no hana shibe hiraku || Cotton bolls open. | |||
|- | |||
|41 || 21–25 || 天地始粛 || Tenchi hajimete samushi || The heat finally relents. | |||
|- | |||
|42 || 26–29 or 30 || 禾乃登 || Kokumono sunawachi minoru || Rice ripens. | |||
|- | |||
|43 || rowspan="3"|Peɂro || rowspan="6"|Hadzuɂ || 1–5 || 草露白 || Kusa no tsuyu shiroshi || White dew shimmers on the grass. | |||
|- | |||
|44 || 6–10 || 鶺鴒鳴 || Sekirei naku || Wagtails begin to sing. | |||
|- | |||
|45 || 11–15 || 玄鳥去 || Tsubame saru || Swallows return to the south. | |||
|- | |||
|46 || rowspan="3"|Chupun || 16–20 || 雷乃収声 || Kaminari sunawachi koe o osamu || Thunder comes to an end. | |||
|- | |||
|47 || 21–25 || 蟄虫坏戸 || Mushi kakurete to o fusagu || Insects close up their burrows. | |||
|- | |||
|48 || 26–29 or 30 || 水始涸 || Mizu hajimete karuru || Fields are drained of water. | |||
|- | |||
|49 || rowspan="3"|Hanro || rowspan="6"|Nagatsuɂ || 1–5 || 鴻雁来 || Kōgan kitaru || Wild geese begin to fly back. | |||
|- | |||
|50 || 6–10 || 菊花開 || Kiku no hana hiraku || Chrysanthemums bloom. | |||
|- | |||
|51 || 11–15 || 蟋蟀在戸 || Kirigirisu to ni ari || Crickets chirp by the door. | |||
|- | |||
|52 || rowspan="3"|Sankan || 16–20 || 霜始降 || Shimo hajimete furu || Frost begins to form. | |||
|- | |||
|53 || 21–25 || 霎時施 || Kosame tokidoki furu || Drizzling rain falls gently. | |||
|- | |||
|54 || 26–29 or 30 || 楓蔦黄 || Momiji tsuta kibamu || Maple leaves and ivy turn yellow. | |||
|- | |||
|55 || rowspan="3"|Riɂton || rowspan="6"|Kannadzuɂ || 1–5 || 山茶始開 || Tsubaki hajimete hiraku || Sasanqua camellias begin to bloom. | |||
|- | |||
|56 || 6–10 || 地始凍 || Chi hajimete kōru || The land begins to freeze. | |||
|- | |||
|57 || 11–15 || 金盞香 || Kinsenka saku || Daffodils bloom. | |||
|- | |||
|58 || rowspan="3"|Susui || 16–20 || 虹蔵不見 || Niji kakurete miezu || Rainbows disappear. | |||
|- | |||
|59 || 21–25 || 朔風払葉 || Kitakaze konoha o harau || The north wind blows leaves off the trees. | |||
|- | |||
|60 || 26–29 or 30 || 橘始黄 || Tachibana hajimete kibamu || Tachibana citrus trees begin to turn yellow. | |||
|- | |||
|61 || rowspan="3"|Tesui || rowspan="6"|Shimotsuɂ || 1–5 || 閉塞成冬 || Sora samuku fuyu to naru || The skies stay cold as winter arrives. | |||
|- | |||
|62 || 6–10 || 熊蟄穴 || Kuma ana ni komoru || Bears hide away in their dens to hibernate. | |||
|- | |||
|63 || 11–15 || 鱖魚群 || Sake no uo muragaru || Salmon swim upstream en masse. | |||
|- | |||
|64 || rowspan="3"|Tondji || 16–20 || 乃東生 || Natsukarekusa shōzu || Prunella sprouts. | |||
|- | |||
|65 || 21–25 || 麋角解 || Sawashika no tsuno otsuru || Deer shed their antlers. | |||
|- | |||
|66 || 26–29 or 30 || 雪下出麦 || Yuki watarite mugi nobiru || Barley sprouts under the snow. | |||
|- | |||
|67 || rowspan="3"|Suhan || rowspan="6"|Shifah || 1–5 || 芹乃栄 || Seri sunawachi sakau || Parsley thrives. | |||
|- | |||
|68 || 6–10 || 水泉動 || Shimizu atataka o fukumu || Springs once frozen flow once more. | |||
|- | |||
|69 || 11–15 || 雉始雊 || Kiji hajimete naku || Cock pheasants begin to call. | |||
|- | |||
|70 || rowspan="3"|Tehan || 16–20 || 款冬華 || Fuki no hana saku || Butterburs put forth buds. | |||
|- | |||
|71 || 21–25 || 水沢腹堅 || Sawamizu kōri tsumeru || Mountain streams gain a cover of thick ice. | |||
|- | |||
|72 || 26–29 or 30 || 鶏始乳 || Niwatori hajimete toya ni tsuku || Hens begin to lay eggs. | |||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:58, 8 May 2024
The Hoennese calendar (Hoennese: 豐緣曆, translit.: Pun-yan yoɂ?) is the official calendar of Hoenn. It is a lunisolar calendar, which tracks both the phases of Terra's moon and the time of its solar year. The only fixed astronomical observances are the winter solstice, which always occurs in a non-intercalary eleventh month, and the second full moon thereafter, which is always the first day of the year.
History
Years are counted after the first Mongol invasion of Hoenn, in 1274 CE; therefore, the era of the calendar, ab Hoenne conditum (AHC), began with 1275 CE, which was 1 AHC.
Divisions of the year
Seasons
The Hoennese calendar is usually divided into four seasons:
Istvanistani | Hoennese | Katakaina | Romanization | Traditional dates | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Etymological | Phonetic | ||||
Spring | 春 | ハル |
ハイ |
Hai | Mutsuɂ 1 — Yayoh 29 or 30 |
Summer | 夏 | ナツ |
ナッ |
Naɂ | Sanafedzuɂ 1 — Fundzuɂ 29 or 30 |
Fall | 秋 | アキ |
アッ |
Aɂ | Hadzuɂ 1 — Nagatsuɂ 29 or 30 |
Winter | 冬 | フユ |
フイ |
Fui | Kannadzuɂ 1 — Shifah 29 or 30 |
Months
Months of the Hoennese calendar start on the day of the astronomical new moon, when Sol & Luna are aligned, and solar eclipses can occur. As a result, a month can either be 29 (小月, kodzuɂ?) or 30 (大月, ofodzuɂ?) days long. No month is normally a particular length; the only surefire way to know the length of a month is to look at the calendar for a particular year.
The months are kept in alignment with the solar year by the twelve solar points, obtained by dividing each of the four seasons into three. The first month always contains the second solar point after the winter solstice. Sometimes, a month falls entirely between two solar points, in which case that month is known as an intercalary month (閏月, uyufudzuɂ?), and numbered identically to the previous month. The more common conventions for writing an intercalary month date in shorthand are to put a dot, plus sign, asterisk, or Latin letter B (from the Latin word for the number two, bis), I (short for “intercalary”), or U (short for uyufu) after the month number.
Ordinal | Hancha | Katakaina | Romanization | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Etymological | Phonetic | ||||
1 | 睦月 |
ムツキ |
ムツッ |
Mutsuɂ | Month of Love |
2 | 衣更着 |
キヌサラギ |
キンサラッ |
Kinsaraɂ | Changing Clothes |
3 | 彌生 |
ヤヨヒ |
ヤヨㇷ |
Yayoh | New Life |
4 | 卯月 |
ウヅキ |
ウヅッ |
Udzuɂ | Month of Deutzia Flowers |
5 | 皐月 |
サツキ |
サツッ |
Satsuɂ | Month of Early Rice Planting |
6 | 水無月 |
ミナヅキ |
ミナヅッ |
Minadzuɂ | Month of Water |
7 | 文月 |
フミヅキ |
フンヅッ |
Fundzuɂ | Month of Books |
8 | 葉月 |
ハヅキ |
ハヅッ |
Hadzuɂ | Month of Leaves |
9 | 長月 |
ナガツキ |
ナガツッ |
Nagatsuɂ | Long Month |
10 | 神無月 |
カムナヅキ |
カンナヅッ |
Kannadzuɂ | Month of Gods |
11 | 霜月 |
シモツキ |
シモツッ |
Shimotsuɂ | Month of Frost |
12 | 師赱 |
シハス |
シハㇷ |
Shifah | Priests Running |
Cheiɂkui
Hoennese usually use the 24 solar terms (節氣, cheiɂkui?) for talking about the weather and climate.
Sol's ecliptic longitude | Hancha | Katakaina | Romanization | Translation | Timing | Earthly Branch | Western astrological sign | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Etymological | Phonetic | |||||||
315° | 立春 |
リツチユム |
リッチュン |
Riɂchun | Beginning of Spring | Mutsuɂ 1–15 | 寅 Tiger | ♒︎︎ Aquarius |
330° | 雨水 |
ウス |
ウㇷ |
Uh | Rainwater | Mutsuɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♓︎︎ Pisces | |
345° | 驚蟄 |
キヨムチツ |
キョンチッ |
Kyonchiɂ | Awakening of Insects | Kinsaraɂ 1–15 | 卯 Rabbit | |
0° | 春分 |
チユムブム |
チュンブム |
Chunpun | Spring Equinox | Kinsaraɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♈︎︎ Aries | |
15° | 淸明 |
チヨムミヨム |
チョンミョン |
Chonmyon | Pure Brightness | Yayoh 1–15 | 辰 Dragon | |
30° | 榖雨 |
コクウ |
コッウ |
Koɂu | Grain Rain | Yayoh 16–29 or 30 | ♉︎︎ Taurus | |
45° | 立夏 |
リブハ |
リッハ |
Riɂfa | Beginning of Summer | Udzuɂ 1–15 | 巳 Snake | |
60° | 小滿 |
スマム |
スマン |
Suman | Grain Buds | Udzuɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♊︎︎ Gemini | |
75° | 芒種 |
マムヂヨム |
マンヂョン |
Mandjon | Grain in Ear | Satsuɂ 1–15 | 午 Horse | |
90° | 夏至 |
ハチ |
ハチ |
Hachi | Summer Solstice | Satsuɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♋︎︎ Cancer | |
105° | 小暑 |
スシエ |
スシェ |
Sushe | Minor Heat | Minadzuɂ 1–15 | 未 Sheep | |
120° | 大暑 |
テシエ |
テシェ |
Teshe | Major Heat | Minadzuɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♌︎︎ Leo | |
135° | 立秋 |
リブチユ |
リッチュ |
Riɂchu | Beginning of Autumn | Fundzuɂ 1–15 | 申 Monkey | |
150° | 處暑 |
テヨス |
テョㇷ |
Choh | End of Heat | Fundzuɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♍︎︎ Virgo | |
165° | 白露 |
ベクロ |
ベッロ |
Peɂro | White Dew | Hadzuɂ 1–15 | 酉 Chicken | |
180° | 秋分 |
チユブム |
チュブン |
Chupun | Autumn Equinox | Hadzuɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♎︎︎ Libra | |
195° | 寒露 |
ハムロ |
ハンロ |
Hanro | Cold Dew | Nagatsuɂ 1–15 | 戌 Dog | |
210° | 霜降 |
サムカム |
サンカン |
Sankan | Frost's Descent | Nagatsuɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♏︎︎ Scorpio | |
225° | 立冬 |
リブトム |
リットン |
Riɂton | Beginning of Winter | Kannadzuɂ 1–15 | 亥 Boar | |
240° | 小雪 |
スヽル |
スヽイ |
Susui | Minor Snow | Kannadzuɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♐︎︎ Sagittarius | |
255° | 大雪 |
テスル |
テスイ |
Tesui | Major Snow | Shimotsuɂ 1–15 | 子 Rat | |
270° | 冬至 |
トムヂ |
トンヂ |
Tondji | Winter Solstice | Shimotsuɂ 16–29 or 30 | ♑︎︎ Capricorn | |
285° | 小寒 |
スハム |
スハン |
Suhan | Minor Cold | Shifah 1–15 | 丑 Cow | |
300° | 大寒 |
テハム |
テハン |
Tehan | Major Cold | Shifah 16–29 or 30 | ♒︎︎ Aquarius |
Chaɂchei
The 24 choiki are sometimes divided further into 72 microseasons (候, fyu?), a system adapted from China in 411 AHC by Kantonian court astronomer Shiɂkô Chunfoi (渋川春海?). Each microseason has traditional foods, flowers, birds, and customs & festivals associated with it, though the seasonal customs and festivals are not widely observed in Hoenn. Hoennese calendar apps often list the 72 microseasons, listed below:
№ | Cheiɂkui | Month | Dates | Yashima Name | Romanization | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Riɂchun | Mutsuɂ | 1–5 | 東風解凍 | Harukaze kōri o toku | The east wind melts the thick ice. |
2 | 6–10 | 黄鶯睍睆 | Kōō kenkan su | Bush warblers sing in the countryside. | ||
3 | 11–15 | 魚上氷 | Uo kōri o izuru | Ice cracks, allowing fish to emerge. | ||
4 | Uh | 16–20 | 土脉潤起 | Tsuchi no shō uruoi okoru | Rain falls, moistening the soil. | |
5 | 21–25 | 霞始靆 | Kasumi hajimete tanabiku | Mist lies over the land. | ||
6 | 26–29 or 30 | 草木萌動 | Sōmoku mebae izuru | Trees and plants put forth buds. | ||
7 | Kyonchiɂ | Kinsaraɂ | 1–5 | 蟄虫啓戸 | Sugomori mushito o hiraku | Hibernating insects emerge. |
8 | 6–10 | 桃始笑 | Momo hajimete saku | Peach trees begin to bloom. | ||
9 | 11–15 | 菜虫化蝶 | Namushi chō to naru | Cabbage whites emerge from their cocoons. | ||
10 | Chunpun | 16–20 | 雀始巣 | Suzume hajimete sukū | Sparrows begin building their nests. | |
11 | 21–25 | 櫻始開 | Sakura hajimete saku | Cherry blossoms begin to bloom. | ||
12 | 26–29 or 30 | 雷乃発声 | Kaminari sunawachi koe o hassu | Thunder rumbles far away. | ||
13 | Chonmyon | Yayoh | 1–5 | 玄鳥至 | Tsubame kitaru | Swallows return from the south. |
14 | 6–10 | 鴻雁北 | Kōgan kaeru | Wild geese fly north. | ||
15 | 11–15 | 虹始見 | Niji hajimete arawaru | Rainbows begin to appear. | ||
16 | Koɂu | 16–20 | 葭始生 | Ashi hajimete shōzu | Reeds begin to sprout. | |
17 | 21–25 | 霜止出苗 | Shimo yamite nae izuru | Rice seedlings grow. | ||
18 | 26–29 or 30 | 牡丹華 | Botan hana saku | Peonies bloom. | ||
19 | Riɂfa | Udzuɂ | 1–5 | 蛙始鳴 | Kawazu hajimete naku | Frogs begin croaking. |
20 | 6–10 | 蚯蚓出 | Mimizu izuru | Worms wriggle to the surface. | ||
21 | 11–15 | 竹笋生 | Takenoko shōzu | Bamboo shoots sprout. | ||
22 | Suman | 16–20 | 蚕起食桑 | Kaiko okite kuwa o hamu | Silkworms feast on mulberry leaves. | |
23 | 21–25 | 紅花栄 | Benibana sakau | Safflowers bloom in abundance. | ||
24 | 26–29 or 30 | 麦秋至 | Mugi no toki itaru | Barley ripens, ready to be harvested. | ||
25 | Mandjon | Satsuɂ | 1–5 | 蟷螂生 | Kamakiri shōzu | Praying mantises hatch and come forth. |
26 | 6–10 | 腐草為螢 | Kusaretaru kusa hotaru to naru | Fireflies fly out from moist grass. | ||
27 | 11–15 | 梅子黄 | Ume no mi kibamu | Plums ripen, turning yellow. | ||
28 | Hachi | 16–20 | 乃東枯 | Natsukarekusa karuru | Prunella flowers wither. | |
29 | 21–25 | 菖蒲華 | Ayame hana saku | Irises bloom. | ||
30 | 26–29 or 30 | 半夏生 | Hange shōzu | Crowdipper sprouts. | ||
31 | Sushe | Minadzuɂ | 1–5 | 温風至 | Atsukaze itaru | Warm winds blow. |
32 | 6–10 | 蓮始開 | Hasu hajimete hiraku | Lotuses begin to bloom. | ||
33 | 11–15 | 鷹乃学習 | Taka sunawachi waza o narau | Young hawks learn to fly. | ||
34 | Teshe | 16–20 | 桐始結花 | Kiri hajimete hana o musubu | Paulownia trees begin to produce seeds. | |
35 | 21–25 | 土潤溽暑 | Tsuchi uruōte mushi atsushi | The ground is damp, the air hot and humid. | ||
36 | 26–29 or 30 | 大雨時行 | Taiu tokidoki furu | Heavy rains fall. | ||
37 | Riɂchu | Fundzuɂ | 1–5 | 涼風至 | Suzukaze itaru | Cool winds blow. |
38 | 6–10 | 寒蝉鳴 | Higurashi naku | Evening cicadas begin to sing. | ||
39 | 11–15 | 蒙霧升降 | Fukaki kiri matō | Thick fog blankets the land. | ||
40 | Choh | 16–20 | 綿柎開 | Wata no hana shibe hiraku | Cotton bolls open. | |
41 | 21–25 | 天地始粛 | Tenchi hajimete samushi | The heat finally relents. | ||
42 | 26–29 or 30 | 禾乃登 | Kokumono sunawachi minoru | Rice ripens. | ||
43 | Peɂro | Hadzuɂ | 1–5 | 草露白 | Kusa no tsuyu shiroshi | White dew shimmers on the grass. |
44 | 6–10 | 鶺鴒鳴 | Sekirei naku | Wagtails begin to sing. | ||
45 | 11–15 | 玄鳥去 | Tsubame saru | Swallows return to the south. | ||
46 | Chupun | 16–20 | 雷乃収声 | Kaminari sunawachi koe o osamu | Thunder comes to an end. | |
47 | 21–25 | 蟄虫坏戸 | Mushi kakurete to o fusagu | Insects close up their burrows. | ||
48 | 26–29 or 30 | 水始涸 | Mizu hajimete karuru | Fields are drained of water. | ||
49 | Hanro | Nagatsuɂ | 1–5 | 鴻雁来 | Kōgan kitaru | Wild geese begin to fly back. |
50 | 6–10 | 菊花開 | Kiku no hana hiraku | Chrysanthemums bloom. | ||
51 | 11–15 | 蟋蟀在戸 | Kirigirisu to ni ari | Crickets chirp by the door. | ||
52 | Sankan | 16–20 | 霜始降 | Shimo hajimete furu | Frost begins to form. | |
53 | 21–25 | 霎時施 | Kosame tokidoki furu | Drizzling rain falls gently. | ||
54 | 26–29 or 30 | 楓蔦黄 | Momiji tsuta kibamu | Maple leaves and ivy turn yellow. | ||
55 | Riɂton | Kannadzuɂ | 1–5 | 山茶始開 | Tsubaki hajimete hiraku | Sasanqua camellias begin to bloom. |
56 | 6–10 | 地始凍 | Chi hajimete kōru | The land begins to freeze. | ||
57 | 11–15 | 金盞香 | Kinsenka saku | Daffodils bloom. | ||
58 | Susui | 16–20 | 虹蔵不見 | Niji kakurete miezu | Rainbows disappear. | |
59 | 21–25 | 朔風払葉 | Kitakaze konoha o harau | The north wind blows leaves off the trees. | ||
60 | 26–29 or 30 | 橘始黄 | Tachibana hajimete kibamu | Tachibana citrus trees begin to turn yellow. | ||
61 | Tesui | Shimotsuɂ | 1–5 | 閉塞成冬 | Sora samuku fuyu to naru | The skies stay cold as winter arrives. |
62 | 6–10 | 熊蟄穴 | Kuma ana ni komoru | Bears hide away in their dens to hibernate. | ||
63 | 11–15 | 鱖魚群 | Sake no uo muragaru | Salmon swim upstream en masse. | ||
64 | Tondji | 16–20 | 乃東生 | Natsukarekusa shōzu | Prunella sprouts. | |
65 | 21–25 | 麋角解 | Sawashika no tsuno otsuru | Deer shed their antlers. | ||
66 | 26–29 or 30 | 雪下出麦 | Yuki watarite mugi nobiru | Barley sprouts under the snow. | ||
67 | Suhan | Shifah | 1–5 | 芹乃栄 | Seri sunawachi sakau | Parsley thrives. |
68 | 6–10 | 水泉動 | Shimizu atataka o fukumu | Springs once frozen flow once more. | ||
69 | 11–15 | 雉始雊 | Kiji hajimete naku | Cock pheasants begin to call. | ||
70 | Tehan | 16–20 | 款冬華 | Fuki no hana saku | Butterburs put forth buds. | |
71 | 21–25 | 水沢腹堅 | Sawamizu kōri tsumeru | Mountain streams gain a cover of thick ice. | ||
72 | 26–29 or 30 | 鶏始乳 | Niwatori hajimete toya ni tsuku | Hens begin to lay eggs. |
Days
The Hoennese calendar doesn't have weeks like the Norton calendar; instead, months are subdivided into three ten-day periods called sun (旬?):
- The first, from the 1st to the 10th, is called the sansun (上旬?).
- The second, from the 11th to the 20th, is called the jansun (中旬?).
- The last, from the 21st to the end of the month, is called the hasun (下旬?).
The first day of the month is called tsuɂtaɂ (月立?), and the last tsugomoi (晦?). New Year's Eve is known in Hoenn as Ofoɂgomoi (大晦?) or Ofomisoka (大晦日?). The other days of the month are systematically named by using kun (native Yashima) numeral readings.
Less commonly, the sexagenary cycle can be used to indicate dates.