|
|
| (25 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| The '''Sani''' language, formerly called ''Lakhesian'' by the colonial power [[Shireroth]], is a [[Cosimo-Benacian language family|Cosimo-Benacian language]] spoken by approximately 32-35 million people in [[Sanilla and Amarra|Sanama]] and [[Talenore]]. It is closely related to [[Ama language|Ama]] with which it has limited mutual intelligability. Around 25 million speakers can be found in Sanama, and 7.5 million in Talenore. It is an official language in Talenore and the main official language in Sanama. Sani is a mildly agglutinative language, it also has a number of particles.
| | #REDIRECT [[Sanaman language]] |
| | |
| ==Official status==
| |
| | |
| ==Distribution and usage==
| |
| | |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| | |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| ! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:left;" | Plosive || p || || || t || || || k || q ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:left;" | Nasal || m || || || n || || || ŋ || ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:left;" | Trill || || || || r̥ r || || || || ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:left;" | Fricative || || f || θ || s || ʃ || || x || || h
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:left;" | Approximant || ʍ w || || || || || j || || ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:left;" | Lateral approximant || || || || l̥ l || || || || ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:left;" | Affricate || || || || ts || tʃ || || || ||
| |
| |}
| |
| Where consonants appear in pairs, the left is unvoiced and the right is voiced.
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| Sani has six vowel phonemes. They do not contrast for length or nasality. The Sani schwa vowel is transliterated as Ë, while the E vowel varies between /e/ and /ɛ/ depending on environment.
| |
| | |
| [[file:Sanivowel.png]]
| |
| | |
| ===Phonotactics===
| |
| | |
| ===Orthography===
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#dddddd;" | Orthography || A || C || E || Ë || F || Ff || H || I || K || L || Ll || M || N || Ng || O || P || Q || R || Rr || S || T || U || W || Wh || X || Y || Z || Sc
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="font-weight:bold; background-color:#dddddd;" | Phonology || a || tʃ || ɛ-e || ə || f || θ || h || i || k || l || l̥ || m || n || ŋ || ɔ || p || q || r || r̥ || s || t || u || w || ʍ || x || j || ts || ʃ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Grammar==
| |
| ===Syntax===
| |
| Sani is a subject-object-verb language, but due to case marking, the order is somewhat fluid.
| |
| | |
| ==Sani vocabulary==
| |
| Most of the Sani vocabulary is Cosimo-Benacian in origin, but the language has also borrowed words, mostly from [[Cisamarrese]], [[Ama]] and more recently [[Istvanistani]], [[Praeta]] and [[Babkhi]].
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1px; border:1px solid #ccc;"
| |
| |-
| |
| !Semantic Domain
| |
| ! style="width:5em" | Word
| |
| !Etymology
| |
| !Definition
| |
| |-
| |
| || body || xonu || || ''noun:'' head, main
| |
| |-
| |
| || government || xonuti || || ''noun:'' king, leader, chieftain
| |
| |-
| |
| || grammar || -ti || || ''suffix:'' abstraction of noun to refer to a person
| |
| |-
| |
| || grammar || -lla || || ''suffix:'' area belonging to the modified noun
| |
| |-
| |
| || || zawa || || ''adjective:'' free, unchained, not in servitude, independent
| |
| |-
| |
| || government || rrumë || || ''noun:'' state, independent entity
| |
| |-
| |
| || grammar || na || || ''conjunction:'' and
| |
| |-
| |
| || government || kosos || '''Pr.''' ''Koïsoß'', "Empire or a significant State, realm, domain, sphere" || ''noun:'' empire
| |
| |-
| |
| || interjection || oyá || || ''interj.:'' hello, hi
| |
| |-
| |
| || color || lunti || || ''noun, adjective:'' green
| |
| |-
| |
| || structure || ffaman || || ''noun:'' garden, fenced or otherwise delimited area with controlled greenery
| |
| |-
| |
| || direction || esa || || ''noun, adjective:'' east
| |
| |-
| |
| || suffix || -s/es || || ''suffix:'' plural
| |
| |-
| |
| || geology || paharr || || ''noun:'' spring, source of running water
| |
| |-
| |
| || direction || ate || || ''noun, adjective:'' west
| |
| |-
| |
| || geography || haruffa || || ''noun:'' island
| |
| |-
| |
| || geography || hareffina || '''Sa.''' ''haruffa'', word derived from the Sani word for ''island'' || ''noun:'' peninsula
| |
| |-
| |
| || colloquialism || tata || || ''noun:'' filth, dirt
| |
| |-
| |
| || profanity || tati || '''Sa.''' ''tata'', filth, dirt || ''noun:'' formerly a derogatory term for [[Sani people|Sanis]] used by Istvani-speakers in and around [[Niyi]]
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Languages]]
| |
| [[Category:Sanama]]
| |
| [[Category:Talenore]]
| |
