Red Laqi language/Phonology: Difference between revisions

From MicrasWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(Created page with "==Consonants== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | Labial ! colspan=2 | Alveolar ! colspan=2 | Postalveolar ! rowspan=2...")
 
Line 474: Line 474:
| /χʷ/
| /χʷ/
| ''-x°y'' "male ___"
| ''-x°y'' "male ___"
|-
! colspan=2 | Y y
| /ə/
| ''zy'' "one"
|-
|-
! rowspan=5 | Z
! rowspan=5 | Z

Revision as of 12:55, 2 June 2018

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Postalveolar Alveolopalatal Retroflex Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
plain lab. plain lab. plain lab. plain lab. plain lab. plain lab.
Nasal m n
Plosive voiceless p t q ʔ ʔʷ
voiced b d
ejective p' pʷ' t' tʷ' kʷ'
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡sʷ t͡ʃ t͡ʂ
voiced d͡z d͡zʷ d͡ʒ
ejective t͡s' t͡ʃ' t͡ʂ'
Fricative voiceless f s ɬ ʃ ʃʷ ɕ ʂ x χ χʷ ħ
voiced z ɮ ʒ ʒʷ ʑ ʐ ɣ ʁ ʁʷ
ejective ɬ' ʃ' ʃʷ'
Approximant j w
Trill r

Vowels

Central
Close-mid ə
Open a aː

Red Laqi's vowel system highly reduced, especially in comparison with its extensive consonant inventory. Correlations with related varieties suggests that the labialized consonants derive from ancestral Consonant-Back Vowel syllables, with the roundness converted into labialization. Similarly, the broad range of palatalized consonants derive from ancestral Consonant-Front Vowel syllables.

Depending on the subvariety, Red Laqi's three remaining vowel phonemes are either interpreted as above, two ranks in which there is a distinction between long and short in the Open rank, or as below, of three ranks.

Central
Close-mid ə
Open-mid ɜ
Open a

This latter interpretation is the source of Red Laqi's transcription style, despite the former interpretation reflecting a more common pronunciation as well as longstanding morphological patterns (i.e. two e vowels combining to form a).

Transcription

Character Phoneme Examples
A a /aː/ aban "hole"
B b /b/ be "a lot (of)"
C C c /t͡s/ cage "rib", cy "body hair"
C° c° /t͡sʷ/ c°y "ox"
C' c' /t͡s'/ c'yfy "person"
Ć ć /t͡ʃ/ ćefy "cheerful, pleased"
Ć' ć' /t͡ʃ'/ ć'ymafe "winter", ćase "late", ćyg°e "land"
Ĉ ĉ /t͡ʂ/ ĉy'e "cold"
Ĉ' ĉ' /t͡ʂ'/ ĉyfe "debt"
D D d /d/ dedźe "bitter"
Dz dz /d͡z/ dzeue "bag", dze "combat, war"
Dz° dz° /d͡zʷ/ ḥandz°e "rick, 1.208 m3"
Dź dź /d͡ʒ/ dźane "dress, robe, shirt", łamydź "bridge"
E e /a/ 'eneẑ, neneẑ "grandmother"
F f /f/ fyžy "white"
G G g /ɣ/ gyć'yġ "laundry", ge "gonad"
G° g° /gʷ/ g°y "heart"
Ġ ġ /ʁ/ ġathe "spring", -ġe "-ity, -ness"
Ġ° ġ° /ʁʷ/ ġ°yneġ°y "neighbour"
H H h /x/ -he "-s (plural marker)"
Ḥ ḥ /ħ/ ḥe "dog"
I i /j/ iai "theirs", iat'e "dirt"
K K° k° /kʷ/ k°y "cart"
K°' k°' /kʷ'/ k°'akle "strong", -k°'e "-er"
L L l /ɮ/ ly "meat"
Ł ł /ɬ/ łaše "weak"
Ł' ł' /ɬ'/ ł'y "man"
M m /m/ maze "moon", mepy "sheep"
N n /n/ ne "eye", ny "mother"
P P p /p/ plyžy "red" paie "for, in order to"
P' p' /p'/ p'e "bed"
P°' /pʷ'/ p°'yr "apprentice"
Q Q q /q/ qek°'eḥyn "to stroll, roam" maq "voice"
Q° q° /qʷ/ q°yŝe "mountain", q°e "-son (patronymic)"
R r /r/ rezeġen "to become content"
S S s /s/ se "I, me", seśh°e "sabre"
Ś ś /ʃ/ śy "horse, brother"
Ś' ś' /ʃ'/ ś'yn "to do"
Ś° ś° /ʃʷ/ ś°y- "you all (imperative plural marker)"
Ś°' ś°' /ʃ'ʷ/ ś°'yc'e "black"
Š š /ɕ/ šy "three"
Ŝ ŝ /ʂ/ ŝe "hundred", ŝabe "soft, meek"
T T t /t/ te "we"
T' t' /t'/ nyt'e "yes"
T°' t°' /tʷ'/ t°'yrys "old"
U u /w/ uyben "to tamp, make smooth"
X X x /χ/ xyien "to move"
X° x° /χʷ/ -x°y "male ___"
Y y /ə/ zy "one"
Z Z z /z/ -bze "female ___, -speech"
Ź ź /ʒ/ bźyḥe "autumn"
Ź° ź° /ʒʷ/ ź°aġ°e "star"
Ž ž /ʑ/ žaua "shadow"
Ẑ ẑ /ʐ/ ẑy "old", ẑaẑe "slow"
' ' /ʔ/ 'e "hand"
/ʔʷ/ '°yćen "to meet"