Vanie Deep Tunnel and Reservoir System

Vanie Deep Tunnel and Reservoir System
Type	Underground water infrastructure
Status	Under construction (Phase I operational)
Location	Vanie, Oportia
Start Date	1748 AN
Completion	1765 AN (projected)
Cost	Ṁ14.6 billion (projected)
Participants	Régie des Eaux de Vanie, City of Vanie, Federal government, State University of Vanie, private contractors
Objective	Flood control, water storage, wastewater treatment, climate adaptation
Outcomes	Ongoing

The Vanie Deep Tunnel and Reservoir System (Alexandrian: Réseau de Tunnels Profonds et de Réservoirs de Vanie, RTPRV) is an underground stormwater management, water storage, and wastewater treatment network under construction beneath Vanie, Oportia. The system comprises deep tunnels, underground reservoirs, pumping stations, advanced treatment facilities, and integrated wastewater processing infrastructure designed to protect the capital from flooding, store water for dry periods, treat all municipal wastewater to standards exceeding natural water quality, and provide district cooling services. Construction began in 1748 AN as a component of the broader Vanie reconstruction program.

The system addresses long-standing vulnerabilities arising from Vanie's humid subtropical climate, which brings 1,475 millimeters of annual precipitation, and its coastal location on the Gulf of Vanie. Rapid urbanization over decades had increased impervious surface area while reducing natural drainage capacity. Severe flooding events in 1729 AN and 1741 AN caused property damage exceeding Ṁ2.1 billion and displaced thousands of residents. Aging wastewater treatment plants, some dating to the 1710s, discharged effluent that degraded coastal water quality and contributed to periodic beach closures.

The RTPRV incorporates natural and engineered filtration systems capable of removing conventional pollutants as well as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and other emerging contaminants. The integrated wastewater treatment component processes all municipal sewage through multiple treatment stages, producing effluent cleaner than the receiving waters of the Gulf of Vanie. Phase I of the system became operational in 1751 AN, with full completion projected for 1765 AN.

Background

Flooding history

Vanie has experienced periodic flooding since its founding as the Babkhan city of Zoghâllab in 1574 AN. The city's topography, comprising gently rolling hills descending to a coastal plain along the Gulf of Vanie, concentrates runoff in low-lying areas during heavy rainfall. Historical records document significant floods in 1687 AN, 1703 AN, 1718 AN, 1729 AN, and 1741 AN.

The 1729 AN flood, occurring during an extended monsoon pattern, inundated the Nouveau-Port and Rousseau-sur-Mer arrondissements for six days. Approximately 12,000 residents required temporary shelter. Property damage totaled Ṁ890 million. The 1741 AN flood, resulting from a tropical storm making landfall near the city, caused more extensive damage despite shorter duration. Waters reached the central Zoghâllab arrondissement for the first time since 1703 AN. This event prompted the Vermeuil administration to commission a comprehensive drainage study, though implementation was interrupted by the 1744 Oportian coup d'état.

Infrastructure deficiencies

Vanie's stormwater infrastructure developed incrementally without comprehensive planning. The oldest sewers, dating to the early eighteenth century, were designed for a much smaller city. Subsequent expansions added capacity unevenly, with newer arrondissements receiving modern systems while older districts retained undersized combined sewers that handled both stormwater and wastewater.

A 1746 AN assessment conducted by the Oportian National Institute of Applied Sciences identified multiple deficiencies:

• Combined sewer overflows discharged untreated wastewater into the Gulf of Vanie an average of 47 times annually;
• Drainage capacity in the Zoghâllab and Vieux-Charmines arrondissements remained insufficient for storms exceeding 25 millimeters per hour;
• Pumping stations in coastal areas lacked redundancy and backup power;
• Retention capacity across the entire system totaled only 380,000 cubic meters, well below recommended standards.

Wastewater treatment inadequacy

Vanie's wastewater treatment infrastructure comprised four aging plants constructed between 1712 AN and 1734 AN. The oldest facility, the Station d'Épuration de Nouveau-Port, employed only primary treatment consisting of screening and sedimentation. The newest plant, at Rousseau-sur-Mer, provided secondary biological treatment but lacked capacity for the population it served.

Collectively, the four plants processed approximately 420,000 cubic meters of wastewater daily, with design capacity of 380,000 cubic meters. Overloaded conditions resulted in reduced treatment efficiency and periodic bypasses during wet weather. Effluent discharged to the Gulf of Vanie contained elevated levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, and pathogens.

The Oportian Environmental Protection Agency documented declining water quality in coastal areas near outfalls. Bacterial counts at three municipal beaches exceeded safe swimming standards on 34 days during 1746 AN. Nitrogen loading contributed to seasonal algal blooms that affected fisheries and tourism.

Water quality concerns

Water quality testing conducted by the State University of Vanie Environmental Sciences Department in 1747 AN detected PFAS compounds in samples from 23 of 31 municipal wells. Concentrations ranged from 12 to 847 parts per trillion, with the highest levels found in wells near industrial areas in the Passe-Nord and Cotést arrondissements. The contamination likely originated from fire-fighting foam used at the Vanie-Langlois International Airport and industrial facilities, as well as from consumer products entering the waste stream.

Additional contaminants identified included petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticide residues, pharmaceutical compounds, and microplastics. Existing treatment facilities, designed primarily for sediment removal and disinfection, lacked capacity to address these pollutants.

Planning and design

The RTPRV emerged from planning efforts initiated during the Transitional Government period and formalized following the 1747 AN elections. Clementina Duffy Carr, then serving as Minister of Infrastructure and Reconstruction, incorporated flood control and comprehensive wastewater treatment into the broader Vanie Master Plan developed by the Sauveterre Commission.

The Régie des Eaux de Vanie (Vanie Water Authority), a public utility created in 1722 AN, received responsibility for system design and operation. The authority engaged engineering consultants and collaborated with researchers from the State University of Vanie and the Oportian National Institute of Applied Sciences.

Design objectives established for the system included:

• Capacity to manage storms with intensity up to 75 millimeters per hour, corresponding to a statistical 100-year event;
• Elimination of combined sewer overflows under normal conditions;
• Storage of at least 15 million cubic meters of water for reuse during dry periods;
• Treatment of all municipal wastewater to standards exceeding ambient water quality;
• Removal of PFAS and other contaminants to below detectable limits;
• Recovery of resources including energy, nutrients, and water from waste streams;
• Integration with district cooling infrastructure planned for central arrondissements.

The design team studied underground water management systems and advanced wastewater treatment approaches in other nations, adapting methods to local conditions. The project's scope expanded during planning as engineers recognized opportunities to integrate stormwater and wastewater systems for greater efficiency.

System components

Deep tunnels

The tunnel network comprises three main collectors and twelve feeder tunnels excavated in bedrock at depths ranging from 45 to 92 meters below street level. The main collectors are:

Main collector tunnels

Tunnel	Route	Length (km)	Diameter (m)	Capacity (m³/s)	Status (1751 AN)
Collector North	Mont-Nouel to Passe-Nord reservoir	8.7	9.1	285	Operational
Collector Central	Zoghâllab to Blanche-Côte reservoir	11.2	10.4	340	Under construction
Collector South	Rousseau-sur-Mer to Gulf outfall	6.4	7.6	195	Under construction

The tunnels were excavated using tunnel boring machines manufactured by Pontecorvo Firm subsidiary Pontecorvo Heavy Industries. Excavation of the northern collector required 28 months and produced approximately 890,000 cubic meters of spoil, which was processed and used as fill material for waterfront reclamation along the Promenade du Golfe.

Tunnel walls are lined with precast concrete segments and sealed with waterproof membranes. The design incorporates expansion joints to accommodate minor seismic activity and provisions for future inspection and maintenance access.

Underground reservoirs

Four underground reservoirs provide storage capacity during storm events and retain water for subsequent reuse:

Underground reservoirs

Reservoir	Location	Capacity (million m³)	Depth (m)	Status (1751 AN)
Passe-Nord	Beneath Parc Industriel Passe-Nord	4.2	38–52	Operational
Blanche-Côte	Beneath Bois de la Liberté	5.8	45–67	Under construction
Oriénisie	Beneath Place de l'Oriénisie	2.1	31–44	Under construction
Montverdi	Beneath former rail yards	3.4	36–51	Planned
Total		15.5

The reservoirs are excavated in stable bedrock formations identified through geological surveys. Rock chambers are reinforced with rock bolts and shotcrete, then sealed with polymer membranes. Each reservoir includes multiple intake shafts, outlet works, and ventilation systems.

The Passe-Nord reservoir, completed in 1750 AN, has a footprint of approximately 14 hectares at its deepest level. The chamber ceiling rises 14 meters above the floor, supported by 847 rock pillars left in place during excavation. The design permits partial filling during moderate storms while reserving capacity for larger events.

Pumping stations

Twelve pumping stations lift water from the deep tunnel system to treatment facilities and distribute treated water for reuse. Each station contains multiple pumps providing redundant capacity. Emergency generators ensure continued operation during power outages.

The largest station, located at the junction of the northern and central collectors, houses eight pumps with combined capacity of 42 cubic meters per second. Pumps were manufactured by Litora Engineering, a subsidiary of Litora Financial Group that diversified into industrial equipment production during the reconstruction period.

Stormwater treatment system

The RTPRV incorporates an integrated natural filtration system to treat stored stormwater before distribution for non-potable uses. The system employs multiple treatment stages:

Sedimentation basins

Water entering storage reservoirs first passes through sedimentation zones where flow velocity decreases, allowing suspended particles to settle. Accumulated sediment is periodically removed and processed at a dedicated handling facility.

Constructed wetlands

A 28-hectare constructed wetland complex occupies former industrial land in the Oriénisie arrondissement. The wetlands receive water pumped from storage reservoirs and provide biological treatment through natural processes. Vegetation includes native sedges, rushes, and aquatic plants selected for pollutant uptake capacity. Wetland cells are arranged in series, with water flowing through progressively finer treatment stages.

The wetland system removes nitrogen and phosphorus through plant uptake and microbial activity. Heavy metals bind to organic matter in the sediment. Petroleum hydrocarbons are degraded by naturally occurring bacteria. Retention time in the wetland system averages 14 days.

Biochar filtration

Following wetland treatment, water passes through filtration beds containing biochar, a carbon-rich material produced by pyrolysis of organic waste. The biochar used in the RTPRV system is manufactured from agricultural residues and forestry waste collected in Oportia's rural regions.

Biochar provides high surface area for adsorption of organic contaminants. The material is particularly effective at removing pharmaceutical compounds, pesticides, and certain industrial chemicals. Filter beds are arranged in parallel banks to permit rotation for maintenance and media replacement.

PFAS treatment

PFAS removal requires specialized treatment beyond conventional biological processes. The RTPRV incorporates a dedicated PFAS treatment train comprising three stages:

Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption: Water passes through pressure vessels containing GAC media. The carbon's porous structure provides extensive surface area for PFAS adsorption. GAC media is regenerated off-site using high-temperature thermal processes that destroy adsorbed contaminants.

Ion exchange: Following GAC treatment, water flows through vessels containing anion exchange resins. The resins selectively bind PFAS compounds, particularly short-chain variants that may pass through GAC. Spent resin is either regenerated or disposed of through high-temperature incineration.

Electrochemical oxidation: A final polishing step subjects water to electrochemical treatment that breaks down remaining PFAS molecules. The process applies electrical current through specialized electrodes, generating reactive species that cleave the carbon-fluorine bonds characteristic of PFAS compounds. This technology, developed through collaboration between the State University of Vanie and New Alexandrian researchers, achieves destruction efficiencies exceeding 99 percent for most PFAS compounds.

The combined treatment train reduces PFAS concentrations from hundreds of parts per trillion to below 2 parts per trillion, the detection limit of current analytical methods.

Advanced wastewater treatment complex

The centerpiece of the RTPRV's wastewater component is the Centre de Traitement des Eaux Usées de Vanie (Vanie Wastewater Treatment Center, CTEAV), a new facility under construction in the Rousseau-sur-Mer arrondissement. Upon completion, the CTEAV will replace the four aging treatment plants and process all municipal wastewater through a multi-stage treatment train designed to produce effluent exceeding the quality of ambient receiving waters.

Preliminary and primary treatment

Incoming wastewater passes through fine screens removing debris larger than 3 millimeters. Grit chambers separate sand and heavy particles. Primary clarifiers allow settleable solids to accumulate as sludge while oils and greases float to the surface for removal. This stage removes approximately 60 percent of suspended solids and 35 percent of biochemical oxygen demand.

Secondary biological treatment

The CTEAV employs membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for secondary treatment. MBR systems combine biological degradation with membrane filtration, producing higher quality effluent than conventional activated sludge processes while requiring less space.

Wastewater enters aeration basins where microbial communities break down organic matter. Air diffusers supply oxygen to support aerobic bacteria. The mixed liquor then passes through ultrafiltration membranes with pore sizes of 0.04 micrometers, small enough to remove bacteria and most viruses. The membranes eliminate the need for secondary clarifiers and produce consistently clear effluent regardless of variations in influent quality.

The MBR system removes more than 99 percent of biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids. Nitrogen removal occurs through alternating aerobic and anoxic zones that promote nitrification and denitrification. Phosphorus is removed through biological uptake supplemented by chemical precipitation where necessary.

Tertiary treatment

Following MBR treatment, effluent undergoes additional polishing through multiple stages:

• Ozonation: Ozone gas is dissolved into the water stream, oxidizing remaining organic compounds and providing disinfection. Ozone breaks down pharmaceutical residues, endocrine-disrupting compounds, and other micropollutants resistant to biological treatment. Contact time of 15 minutes achieves greater than 99.9 percent inactivation of pathogens.
• Granular activated carbon filtration: Post-ozonation, water passes through GAC filters that adsorb residual organic compounds and remove any ozonation byproducts. The GAC stage provides additional removal of pesticides, industrial chemicals, and taste and odor compounds.
• Advanced oxidation: A combination of ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide generates hydroxyl radicals that destroy remaining trace contaminants. This process is particularly effective against compounds resistant to ozone alone and provides an additional barrier against PFAS.
• Ceramic membrane filtration: A final filtration stage using ceramic membranes with 0.1 micrometer pores removes any remaining particles and provides a barrier against microplastics. Ceramic membranes offer greater durability and chemical resistance than polymer membranes, reducing long-term operating costs.

PFAS destruction

The CTEAV incorporates dedicated PFAS treatment identical to that used for stormwater, ensuring that wastewater effluent contains no detectable PFAS. Concentrated PFAS streams from ion exchange regeneration undergo high-temperature incineration at a dedicated facility, achieving complete destruction of the compounds.

Effluent quality

The combined treatment train produces effluent meeting or exceeding the following parameters:

CTEAV effluent quality targets

Parameter	Target	Gulf of Vanie ambient	Improvement
Biochemical oxygen demand	< 2 mg/L	3–5 mg/L	40–60% cleaner
Total suspended solids	< 1 mg/L	8–15 mg/L	87–93% cleaner
Total nitrogen	< 3 mg/L	4–7 mg/L	25–57% cleaner
Total phosphorus	< 0.1 mg/L	0.15–0.3 mg/L	33–67% cleaner
Turbidity	< 0.5 NTU	2–4 NTU	75–88% cleaner
E. coli	Non-detect	50–200 CFU/100mL	100% cleaner
PFAS (total)	< 2 ppt	15–45 ppt	87–96% cleaner
Microplastics	Non-detect	2–8 particles/L	100% cleaner

The design philosophy holds that discharged effluent should improve receiving water quality rather than degrade it. Monitoring data from the pilot treatment train operational since 1750 AN confirms that treated water consistently meets these targets.

Resource recovery

The CTEAV incorporates systems to recover valuable resources from waste streams:

• Biogas production: Anaerobic digesters process primary and secondary sludge, producing biogas containing approximately 65 percent methane. The biogas fuels combined heat and power generators that supply approximately 70 percent of the facility's electricity needs and provide heat for sludge drying.
• Nutrient recovery: A struvite crystallization system recovers phosphorus and nitrogen from digester centrate as magnesium ammonium phosphate, marketed as slow-release fertilizer to agricultural users. The system recovers approximately 85 percent of phosphorus that would otherwise require disposal.
• Water reclamation: Treated effluent meeting drinking water standards is available for direct potable reuse, industrial applications, or aquifer recharge. Initial plans call for blending reclaimed water with reservoir water for non-potable distribution, with potential future expansion to indirect potable reuse.
• Heat recovery: Heat exchangers capture thermal energy from incoming wastewater, which maintains temperatures of 18–24 degrees Celsius year-round. Recovered heat supplements building climate control and process heating requirements.
• Biosolids processing: Digested and dried biosolids meet standards for agricultural application as soil amendment. The material is pelletized and distributed to farmers in Oportia's agricultural regions, diverting approximately 45,000 tonnes annually from landfill disposal.

Monitoring

Automated monitoring stations throughout the treatment system measure water quality parameters including turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and indicator compounds. Samples are collected daily for laboratory analysis of specific contaminants. The State University of Vanie Environmental Sciences Department conducts quarterly comprehensive testing for the full range of regulated and emerging contaminants.

The CTEAV incorporates continuous online monitoring of effluent quality with automatic diversion to additional treatment if parameters exceed targets. A network of sensors in the Gulf of Vanie near the outfall tracks ambient water quality to verify that discharges produce the intended environmental improvement.

District cooling integration

Water stored in the underground reservoirs maintains relatively stable temperatures between 14 and 18 degrees Celsius throughout the year. The system design incorporates provisions for using this stored water as a heat sink for district cooling.

A pilot district cooling network serving buildings in the Cotést arrondissement began operation in 1751 AN. The system circulates chilled water through a closed loop, with heat exchangers transferring thermal energy to reservoir water. The warmed reservoir water is subsequently released to the Gulf of Vanie or used for irrigation, with temperature increases limited to prevent ecological impacts.

The district cooling system reduces electricity consumption for air conditioning in connected buildings by an estimated 35 to 45 percent compared to conventional cooling equipment. The Agence de Reconstruction de Vanie projects that full build-out of the district cooling network could serve 40 percent of commercial floor area in central arrondissements.

Construction

Phases

Construction is organized in four phases:

• Phase I (1748 AN–1751 AN): Northern collector tunnel, Passe-Nord reservoir, four pumping stations, initial wetland construction, pilot district cooling network, pilot wastewater treatment train. This phase is substantially complete.
• Phase II (1751 AN–1756 AN): Central and southern collector tunnels, Blanche-Côte and Oriénisie reservoirs, remaining pumping stations, wetland expansion, PFAS treatment facilities, CTEAV primary and secondary treatment systems. This phase is underway.
• Phase III (1756 AN–1761 AN): Montverdi reservoir, feeder tunnel connections to outer arrondissements, CTEAV tertiary treatment and resource recovery systems, decommissioning of legacy treatment plants. This phase is in detailed design.
• Phase IV (1761 AN–1765 AN): Suburban collection system extensions, district cooling expansion, direct potable reuse infrastructure, final system integration and optimization. This phase remains in preliminary planning.

Contractors

Principal contractors engaged on the project include:

• Pontecorvo Firm (tunnel boring and excavation)
• Litora Engineering (pumping equipment)
• Bâtisseurs Réunis d'Oportie (civil construction)
• Véhicules Autonomes d'Oportie (material handling equipment)
• NavalTech Shipyards subsidiary NavalTech Environmental (treatment systems)
• Kerularios Oportian Industries (membrane systems and process equipment)

Peak construction employment reached approximately 6,200 workers in 1750 AN. Employment is projected to increase to approximately 8,400 workers during Phase III as CTEAV construction intensifies.

Technical challenges

Construction has encountered several technical challenges:

• Groundwater infiltration during reservoir excavation required installation of extensive dewatering systems. The Blanche-Côte reservoir site intersected a previously unmapped aquifer, necessitating design modifications and additional waterproofing measures.
• Coordination with Vanie Metro expansion required careful sequencing where tunnel alignments crossed. The RTPRV central collector passes beneath Metro Line 4 at a separation of 12 meters, requiring ground stabilization during excavation.
• Discovery of contaminated soil at the Oriénisie wetland site, a legacy of former industrial uses, required remediation before construction could proceed. Approximately 145,000 cubic meters of contaminated material was excavated and treated.
• Procurement of specialized membrane equipment for the CTEAV has experienced delays due to global supply chain constraints, contributing to schedule extensions for Phase II.

Operations

Management

The Régie des Eaux de Vanie operates the completed portions of the system. The authority employs approximately 340 staff for RTPRV operations, including engineers, technicians, maintenance workers, and laboratory personnel. Staffing is projected to increase to approximately 520 upon full system completion. A central control facility in the Passe-Nord arrondissement monitors system status and coordinates responses to storm events.

Performance

The operational Phase I components have been tested during several significant storm events since 1750 AN. In VII.1751 AN, a storm delivering 58 millimeters of rainfall over four hours activated the northern collector and Passe-Nord reservoir. The system captured approximately 2.8 million cubic meters of runoff that would previously have caused street flooding in the Passe-Nord and Vieux-Charmines arrondissements. No combined sewer overflows occurred in areas served by the completed infrastructure.

Water quality monitoring confirms that the natural filtration system achieves design objectives. Treated water meets standards for non-potable urban uses including irrigation, street cleaning, and industrial processes. PFAS concentrations in treated water have consistently tested below detection limits.

The pilot wastewater treatment train has processed approximately 35,000 cubic meters daily since 1750 AN, demonstrating that effluent quality targets are achievable at scale.

Water reuse

Stored and treated water supplements municipal supply during dry periods. During the dry season of 1750 AN, the system provided approximately 4.2 million cubic meters of water for irrigation of parks and street trees, reducing demand on potable supply by an estimated 8 percent. The Bois de la Liberté and other parks established under the reconstruction program rely primarily on recycled water from the RTPRV system.

Industrial users in the Passe-Nord and Cotést arrondissements have contracted to receive treated water for cooling and process uses, reducing their consumption of potable supply.

Financing

RTPRV financing (1748 AN–1765 AN projected)

Source	Amount (Ṁ millions)	Percentage
Municipal bonds (Vanie)	4,820	33.0%
Federal infrastructure grants	4,150	28.4%
Raspur Pact climate adaptation fund	2,340	16.0%
Water and sewer utility revenues	1,890	12.9%
District cooling service contracts	780	5.3%
Resource recovery revenues	620	4.2%
Total	14,600	100%

Operating costs are recovered through water and sewer charges assessed to utility customers, fees charged to district cooling subscribers, and revenues from sale of recovered resources including biogas, struvite fertilizer, and biosolids.

Environmental impact

Construction of the RTPRV system required excavation of approximately 4.2 million cubic meters of rock and soil during Phases I and II, with additional excavation planned for subsequent phases. The majority of excavated material was processed and reused for construction fill, waterfront reclamation, and road base. Contaminated material from the Oriénisie site was treated through thermal desorption and either reused or disposed of at licensed facilities.

The constructed wetlands provide habitat for birds, amphibians, and invertebrates in addition to their treatment function. Ecological monitoring conducted by the State University of Vanie has documented 47 bird species using the wetland complex, including several wading birds that had been absent from the Vanie area.

Elimination of combined sewer overflows and upgrade of wastewater treatment will produce measurable improvements in Gulf of Vanie water quality. The Oportian Environmental Protection Agency projects that full system operation will:

• Reduce bacterial contamination at municipal beaches by 95 percent;
• Decrease nitrogen loading by 78 percent compared to current discharges;
• Decrease phosphorus loading by 89 percent;
• Eliminate PFAS contributions from municipal sources;
• End microplastic discharge from wastewater.

Modeling conducted by the State University of Vanie Marine Sciences Department predicts that these reductions will allow recovery of seagrass beds in nearshore areas and reduce the frequency of algal blooms from an average of 12 events annually to fewer than 2.

The net environmental effect of the RTPRV system is projected to be restorative rather than merely protective. By discharging effluent cleaner than ambient conditions, the system will gradually improve baseline water quality in the Gulf of Vanie over time.

Criticism

Critics have raised concerns about the project's cost and construction timeline. The original budget of Ṁ7.2 billion has grown to Ṁ14.6 billion as project scope expanded and unforeseen conditions arose. The completion date has extended from the original target of 1758 AN to 1765 AN.

Some observers question whether the level of treatment provided exceeds practical necessity, arguing that less intensive systems could achieve acceptable environmental outcomes at lower cost. Proponents respond that the investment in advanced treatment provides long-term benefits including reduced environmental remediation costs, enhanced public health protection, and economic value from resource recovery.

Some environmental groups have questioned the energy consumption of the pumping and treatment systems, noting that electric pumps require approximately 18 megawatts during major storm events and that the CTEAV will consume approximately 45 megawatts at full operation. The Régie des Eaux responds that biogas cogeneration will supply the majority of CTEAV energy needs and that system-wide energy consumption is offset by reductions in flood damage, reduced pumping from deeper aquifers, and air conditioning demand reduction from district cooling.

Residents near construction sites have complained of noise, dust, and traffic disruption during the extended construction period. The authority has implemented mitigation measures including noise barriers, dust suppression, and traffic management plans.

See also

• Vanie
• Reconstruction of Vanie
• Régie des Eaux de Vanie
• Gulf of Vanie
• Bois de la Liberté