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| The '''Meckelnish language''' is an official language of the [[Kingdom of Meckelnburgh]], where it is spoken as a second language to [[Istvanistani]] by a majority of the population. Mekelnish is a [[Micras Linguistic Society/Language families#Romance languages|Machiavellic language]], most closely related to [[Alexandrian language|Alexandrian]] and [[Martino language|Martino]], two other minority languages in Meckelnburgh. | | The '''Meckelnish language''' is an official language of the [[Kingdom of Meckelnburgh]], where it is spoken as a second language to [[Istvanistani]] by a majority of the population. Mekelnish is a [[Micras Linguistic Society/Language families#Romance languages|Machiavellic language]], most closely related to [[Alexandrian language|Alexandrian]] and [[Martino language|Martino]], two other minority languages in Meckelnburgh. |
|
| |
| == Phonology ==
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |+ Consonants
| |
| |-
| |
| !
| |
| ! Labial
| |
| !Dental
| |
| ! Alveolar
| |
| ! Postalv.
| |
| !Dorsal
| |
| !Laryngeal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Nasal
| |
| |m
| |
| | colspan="3" | n
| |
| |ŋ
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Plosive
| |
| |p
| |
| | colspan="3" | t
| |
| |k
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Affricate
| |
| |
| |
| |t͡θ
| |
| |t͡s||t͡ʃ
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Fricative
| |
| |v
| |
| |θ
| |
| |s||ʃ
| |
| |ç
| |
| |h
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Approximant
| |
| |
| |
| | colspan="3" | ɹ
| |
| |j
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Lateral Approx.
| |
| |
| |
| | colspan="3" | l
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| |+ Vowels
| |
| |-
| |
| !
| |
| ! Front
| |
| ! Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Close
| |
| |i||u
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Mid
| |
| |ɛ
| |
| |o
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Open
| |
| |a||
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| == Orthography ==
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
| |
| ! Letter
| |
| ! Name
| |
| ! Name (IPA)
| |
| ! Diacritics
| |
| |-
| |
| | A a||a||/a/||Â â
| |
| |-
| |
| | B b||bi||/bi/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | C c||ca||/t͡sa/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | D d||di||/di/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | E e||e||/ɛ/||Ê ê
| |
| |-
| |
| | F f||fi||/fi/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | G g||gi||/gi/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | H h||hu||/çu/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | I i||i||/i/||Ï ï, Î î
| |
| |-
| |
| | L l||elle||/ɛʎə/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | M m||em||/ɛm/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | N n||en||/ɛn/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | O o||o||/o/||Ô ô
| |
| |-
| |
| | P p||pi||/pi/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | Q q||quy||/kʏ/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | R r||erre||/ɛjə/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | S s||si||/si/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | T t||ti||/ti/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | U u||u||/u/||Ü ü, Û û
| |
| |-
| |
| | V v||vi||/vi/||
| |
| |-
| |
| | Y y||y||/ʏ/||Ŷ ŷ
| |
| |-
| |
| | Z z||zi||/zi/||
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| === Sound to spelling correspondences ===
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+ Consonants
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan=2| Spelling
| |
| ! Major value<br>(IPA)
| |
| ! Examples
| |
| ! Notes
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | b||/b/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | c||/t͡s/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | ch||/t͡ʃ/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | d||/d/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | dz||/d͡z/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | dzh||/d͡ʒ/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | f||/f/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | g||/g/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| gn||/ɲ/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan=2| h||initially before close vowel||/ç/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | elsewhere||Ø||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| l||/l/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| ll||/ʎ/||||All occurrences of ⟨l⟩ between vowels
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| m||/m/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| n||/n/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | p||/p/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | qu||/k/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | r||/ɹ/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| rr||/j/||||Occurs only between vowels
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" |r·r
| |
| |/ɹ꞉/
| |
| |
| |
| |To suppress /j/ in ⟨rr⟩ between vowels
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | s||/s/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | sh||/ʃ/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan="2" | t||/t/|| ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| v||/v/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| z||/z/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| zh||/ʒ/||||
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+ Vowels
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan=2| Spelling
| |
| ! Major value<br>(IPA)
| |
| ! Examples
| |
| ! Minor value<br>(IPA)
| |
| ! Notes
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan=2| a||elsewhere||/a/||||/ɐ/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| | before nasal consonant||/ɑ̃/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan=2| â||elsewhere||/a꞉/||||/ɐ꞉/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| | before nasal consonant||/ɑ̃꞉/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| au||/au̯/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| âu||/a꞉u̯/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| aü||/a.u/||||/ɐ.u/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| âü||/a꞉.u/||||/ɐ꞉.u/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| e||/ɛ/||||/ə/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| ê||/ɛ꞉/||||/ə꞉/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| eu||/eu̯/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| êu||/e꞉u̯/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| eü||/ɛ.u/||||/ə.u/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| êü||/ɛ꞉.u/||||/ə꞉.u/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| i, ï||/i/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| î||/i꞉/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan=2| o||elsewhere||/o/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | before nasal consonant||/ɔ̃/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan=2| ô||elsewhere||/o꞉/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | before nasal consonant||/ɔ̃꞉/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| oi||/ɔi̯/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| ôi||/ɔ꞉i̯/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| oï||/o.i/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| ôï||/o꞉.i/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan=2| u, ü||elsewhere||/u/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | after the letter Q||Ø||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan=2| û||elsewhere||/u꞉/||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | after the letter Q||Ø||||||
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| y||/ʏ/||||/ə/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| | colspan=2| ŷ||/ʏ꞉/||||/ə꞉/||Minor value in unstressed syllables
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| == Grammar ==
| |
|
| |
| === Articles ===
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| ! colspan="2" |
| |
| !def.
| |
| !indef.
| |
| !pers.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" |sing.
| |
| !masc.
| |
| |el
| |
| |un
| |
| |en
| |
| |-
| |
| !neut.
| |
| |lo (l')
| |
| |uno (un')
| |
| |ny (n')
| |
| |-
| |
| !fem.
| |
| |la (l')
| |
| |una (un')
| |
| |na (n')
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" |pl.
| |
| !masc.
| |
| | rowspan="3" |los
| |
| |uns
| |
| | rowspan="3" |ons
| |
| |-
| |
| !neut.
| |
| | rowspan="2" |unys
| |
| |-
| |
| !fem.
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+Article contractions
| |
| ! colspan="2" |
| |
| !''a''
| |
| !''de''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="4" |def.
| |
| !''el''
| |
| |al
| |
| |del
| |
| |-
| |
| !''lo''
| |
| |au (a l')
| |
| |du (de l')
| |
| |-
| |
| !''la''
| |
| |a la (a l')
| |
| |de la (de l')
| |
| |-
| |
| !''los''
| |
| |aus
| |
| |dos
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="5" |indef.
| |
| !''un''
| |
| |an
| |
| | rowspan="5" | -
| |
| |-
| |
| !''uno''
| |
| |aun
| |
| |-
| |
| !''una''
| |
| |ana (a un')
| |
| |-
| |
| !''uns''
| |
| | rowspan="2" |auns
| |
| |-
| |
| !''unys''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |pers.
| |
| | colspan="2" | -
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| === Determiners ===
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| Demonstrative determiners
| |
| ! colspan="2" |
| |
| !prox.
| |
| !med.
| |
| !dist.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" |sing.
| |
| !masc.
| |
| |cete
| |
| | rowspan="2" |ciquy
| |
| |aquel
| |
| |-
| |
| !neut.
| |
| |ceto
| |
| |aquello
| |
| |-
| |
| !fem.
| |
| |ceta
| |
| |ciqua
| |
| |aquella
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |pl.
| |
| | colspan="2" |cets
| |
| |aquels
| |
| |}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| Possessive determiners
| |
| ! colspan="4" rowspan="3" |
| |
| ! colspan="4" |poss'd
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="3" |sing.
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |pl.
| |
| |-
| |
| !masc.
| |
| !neut.
| |
| !fem.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="10" |poss.
| |
| ! rowspan="6" |sing.
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |1st
| |
| !pers.
| |
| |mon
| |
| |my
| |
| |ma
| |
| |mes
| |
| |-
| |
| !maj.
| |
| |nôstre
| |
| |nostro
| |
| |nostra
| |
| |nôstres
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |2nd
| |
| !inform.
| |
| |ton
| |
| |ty
| |
| |ta
| |
| |tes
| |
| |-
| |
| !form.
| |
| | colspan="3" |vostre
| |
| |vostres
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |3rd
| |
| !-
| |
| |son
| |
| |sy
| |
| |sa
| |
| | rowspan="2" |ses
| |
| |-
| |
| !impers.
| |
| |hôn
| |
| |hy
| |
| |ha
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="4" |pl.
| |
| ! colspan="2" |1st
| |
| | colspan="3" |nostre
| |
| |nostres
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |2nd
| |
| !inform.
| |
| | colspan="3" |ostre
| |
| |ostres
| |
| |-
| |
| !form.
| |
| | colspan="3" |vôstre
| |
| |vôstres
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |3rd
| |
| | colspan="3" |lurs
| |
| |lurses
| |
| |}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+Interrogative determiners
| |
| ! colspan="2" |
| |
| !ident.
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="3" |sing.
| |
| !masc.
| |
| |quel
| |
| |-
| |
| !neut.
| |
| |quello
| |
| |-
| |
| !fem.
| |
| |quella
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |pl.
| |
| |quels
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| === Pronouns ===
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+
| |
| Personal pronouns
| |
| ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |sub.
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |reflex.
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |dir. ob.
| |
| ! colspan="3" |indir. ob.
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |prep.
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |comit.
| |
| |-
| |
| !-
| |
| !''a''
| |
| !''de''
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="8" |sing.
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |1st
| |
| !pers.
| |
| |zhe (zh')
| |
| | colspan="5" |me (m')
| |
| |moi
| |
| |avemo
| |
| |-
| |
| !maj.
| |
| | colspan="6" |nôs
| |
| |noi
| |
| |aveb nôs
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |2nd
| |
| !inform.
| |
| |tu
| |
| | colspan="5" |te (t')
| |
| |toi
| |
| |aveto
| |
| |-
| |
| !form.
| |
| | colspan="7" |voste
| |
| |aveb voste
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="4" |3rd
| |
| !masc.
| |
| |il
| |
| | rowspan="4" |se (s')
| |
| |el
| |
| | rowspan="4" |lur
| |
| | rowspan="4" |y
| |
| | rowspan="4" |in
| |
| | rowspan="3" |eu
| |
| | rowspan="4" |aveso
| |
| |-
| |
| !neut.
| |
| |ello
| |
| |lo (l')
| |
| |-
| |
| !fem.
| |
| |ella
| |
| |la (l')
| |
| |-
| |
| !impers.
| |
| |hon
| |
| |ên
| |
| |soi
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="4" |pl.
| |
| ! colspan="2" |1st
| |
| | colspan="7" |nos
| |
| |avenos
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |2nd
| |
| !inform.
| |
| |vos
| |
| | colspan="5" |os
| |
| |vos
| |
| |avevos
| |
| |-
| |
| !form.
| |
| | colspan="7" |vostes
| |
| |aveb vostes
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |3rd
| |
| |illys
| |
| |ses
| |
| |los
| |
| | colspan="3" |lûrs
| |
| |eus
| |
| |avesos
| |
| |}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+Personal pronouns
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+Demonstrative pronouns
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+Interrogative pronouns
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |
| |
| ! colspan="3" |pers.
| |
| ! colspan="3" |obs.
| |
| ! colspan="3" |quant.
| |
| |-
| |
| !sub.
| |
| !dir. ob.
| |
| !indir. ob.
| |
| !sub.
| |
| !dir. ob.
| |
| !indir. ob.
| |
| !sub.
| |
| !dir. ob.
| |
| !indir. ob.
| |
| |-
| |
| !sing.
| |
| | rowspan="2" |Qui
| |
| | colspan="2" rowspan="2" |A qui
| |
| | colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Que
| |
| | rowspan="2" |A que
| |
| | colspan="2" |Lequin
| |
| |A lequin
| |
| |-
| |
| !pl.
| |
| | colspan="2" |Lequins
| |
| |A lequins
| |
| |}
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |+Relative pronouns
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| !
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| [[Category:Meckelnburgh]]
| |
| [[Category:Languages]]
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The Meckelnish language is an official language of the Kingdom of Meckelnburgh, where it is spoken as a second language to Istvanistani by a majority of the population. Mekelnish is a Machiavellic language, most closely related to Alexandrian and Martino, two other minority languages in Meckelnburgh.
