Sacovian language: Difference between revisions

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|/ɑ/
|/ɑ/
|c'''a'''r
|c'''a'''r
|-
|À
|à
|/a/
|'''a'''pple
|-
|-
|B
|B
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|/ɛ/, silent at the end of a word
|/ɛ/, silent at the end of a word
|f'''e'''d
|f'''e'''d
|-
|È
|è
|/e/
|No English approximate
|-
|Ë
|ë
|/ə/
|'''a'''bove; only used in loan-words
|-
|-
|F
|F
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|'''f'''eel
|'''f'''eel
|-
|-
|G / Gu
|G
|g / gu
|g
|/g/ in front of a, o, or u,/ʒ/ in front of e, i
|'''g'''oose, vi'''s'''ion
|-
|Ĝ
|ĝ
|/dʒ/
|'''j'''am
|-
|Gu
|gu
|/g/
|/g/
|'''g'''oose
|'''g'''oose
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|O
|O
|o
|o
|/o/
|h'''o'''t
|-
|Ò
|ò
|/ɔ/
|/ɔ/
|h'''o'''le
|h'''o'''le
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|T
|T
|t
|t
|/t/ (silent after vowel clusters at the end of words)
|/t/ (silent after 'ae', 'ai', 'eau', 'ei', 'oi' at the end of words)
|'''t'''ell
|'''t'''ell
|-
|-
|U
|U
|u
|u
|/ʌ/, /w/ before vowel
|/ʊ/, /w/ before vowel
|p'''u'''t
|f'''oo'''d
|-
|Ù
|ù
|/u/
|No English approximate
|-
|-
|V
|V
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== Diacritics and Digraphs ==
== Diacritics and Digraphs ==


Sacovian makes use of two differnt digraphs: Circumflex ( ^ )
Sacovian makes use of four different diacritics: Circumflex ( ^ )
<big>Â Ê Î Ô Û</big>
<big>Â Ê Î Ô Û</big>,
And tilde ( ~ )
tilde ( ~ )
<big>Ã Ẽ Ĩ Õ Ũ</big>.
<big>Ã Ẽ Ĩ Õ Ũ</big>,
Circumflex denotes stress on odd syllables, and also changes the sound of A, E, and U
grave ( ` )
<big>À È Ì Ò Ù</big>,
and accute ( ' )
<big>Á É Í Ó Ú</big>.
 
Grave denotes a different sound for vowels.
 
The tilde accent denotes a nasalisation of the letter.


* Â = /a/
Circumflex accent denotes a stressed version of a vowel's grave sound.
* Ê = /e/
* Û = /ʊ/


The tilde diacritic denotes a nasalisation of the letter.
Accute accent denotes a stressed version of the vowel's normal sound.


Sacovian also employs ten different vowel cluster digraphs:
Sacovian also employs ten different vowel cluster digraphs:
Line 211: Line 251:
* Ou (/ʊ/)
* Ou (/ʊ/)


'Nt' is also sometimes used. At the end of a word, 'nt' is silent and nasalises the preceding vowel.
'Nt' and 'Ns' are also sometimes used. At the end of a word, 'nt' and 'ns' are silent and nasalise the preceding vowel.


== Strong, Neutral, Weak ==
== Strong, Neutral, Weak ==
Line 219: Line 259:
== Verb conjugation ==
== Verb conjugation ==


Sacovian verbs conjugate based on ''who'' is performing the action, as well as the mood of the verb. Sacovian verbs do not have past or future tense; instead using the 'fuê' (past) and 'sêr' (future) indicators.
Sacovian verbs conjugate based on ''who'' is performing the action, as well as the mood of the verb.


Sacovian verbs also conjugate according to the verb's infinitive ending, which is either '-a' or '-e'.
Sacovian verbs also conjugate according to the verb's infinitive ending, which is either '-a' or '-e'.


Present:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!  
!
!colspan=2|-a
!colspan=2|-a
!colspan=2|-e
!colspan=2|-e
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|-
|-
|Second Person
|Second Person
| -ạs
| -as
| -ae
| -ae
| -aiç
| -aiç
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| -asa
| -asa
| -asa
| -asa
| -eisê
| -eisè
| -eisê
| -eisè
|}
 
Past:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!colspan=2|-a
!colspan=2|-e
|-
|Number
|Sing.
|Plur.
|Sing.
|Plur.
|-
|First Person
| -ô
| -azra
| -ô
| -ezré
|-
|Second Person
| -ar
| -eu
| -èr
| -eu
|-
|Third Person
| -arca
| -aras
| -èrque
| -ères
|}
 
Future:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!colspan=2|-a
!colspan=2|-e
|-
|Number
|Sing.
|Plur.
|Sing.
|Plur.
|-
|First Person
| -û
| -anhada
| -û
| -enhadè
|-
|Second Person
| -am
| -eau
| -em
| -eau
|-
|Third Person
| -aiz
| -ãdz
| -eiz
| -ẽdz
|}
|}


Adjectives conjugate to the grammatical gender of the noun they describe:
Adjectives conjugate to the grammatical gender of the noun they describe:
* Standard (no noun): -ay
* Standard (no noun): -ay
* Strong: -o
* Strong: -ò
* Neutral: -i
* Neutral: -i
* Weak: - (remove -ay)
* Weak: - (remove -ay)
Ex.:
Ex.:
* Standard (no noun): Asûray
* Standard (no noun): Asûray
* Strong: Asûro
* Strong: Asûrò
* Neutral: Asûri
* Neutral: Asûri
* Weak: Asûr
* Weak: Asûr
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Standard word order in Sacovian is Subject-Verb-Object. A common exception to this is when the direct object of the verb is a pronoun, in which case the pronoun comes before the verb (unless the verb is imperative, in which case the pronoun is attached to the end of the verb).
Standard word order in Sacovian is Subject-Verb-Object. A common exception to this is when the direct object of the verb is a pronoun, in which case the pronoun comes before the verb (unless the verb is imperative, in which case the pronoun is attached to the end of the verb).


Adjectives always come after the noun they modify, and also are always preceded by 'dê' ('of').
Adjectives always come after the noun they modify.




[[Category:Caradia]]
[[Category:Caradia]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 21:10, 6 November 2019

Sacovian
Sacovo
Spoken natively in Caradia Caradia
Language family

Constructed languages

  • Sacovian
Writing system Latin
Source Romance, (Portuguese, French)
Official status
Official language in Caradia Caradia

The Sacovian language is spoken in Caradia, mostly in the Gcealick March and in small parts of Cearîm and Scear counties. The language stems from the more ancient language "Sòlasçi", and was developed by the nomadic Sacovian tribes.

Alphabet

Sacovian IPA English
approximation
A a /ɑ/ car
À à /a/ apple
B b /b/ barrel
C c /k/ in front of a, o, u, /s/ in front of e, i cancer
Ç ç /s/ see
Ĉ ĉ /tʃ/ cheese
Ch ch /ʃ/ sheer
Cz cz /ts/ cats
D d /d/ dog
E e /ɛ/, silent at the end of a word fed
È è /e/ No English approximate
Ë ë /ə/ above; only used in loan-words
F f /f/ feel
G g /g/ in front of a, o, or u,/ʒ/ in front of e, i goose, vision
Ĝ ĝ /dʒ/ jam
Gu gu /g/ goose
Gü gü /gw/ No English approximation
H h /h/ house
I i /i/ read
J j /ʒ/ vision
L l /l/ lemon
Lh lh /ʎ/ million
M m /m/ maple
N n /n/ never
Nh nh /ɲ/ onion
O o /o/ hot
Ò ò /ɔ/ hole
P p /p/ pie
Qu qu /k/ queso
Qü qü /kw/ quarter
R r /r/ Trilled English R
S s /s/ (silent after vowel clusters at the end of words) silent
T t /t/ (silent after 'ae', 'ai', 'eau', 'ei', 'oi' at the end of words) tell
U u /ʊ/, /w/ before vowel food
Ù ù /u/ No English approximate
V v /v/ vehicle
X x Rare, only present after vowel clusters, where it is silent No English approximation
Y y /j/ yes
Z z /z/ zebra

Diacritics and Digraphs

Sacovian makes use of four different diacritics: Circumflex ( ^ ) Â Ê Î Ô Û, tilde ( ~ ) Ã Ẽ Ĩ Õ Ũ, grave ( ` ) À È Ì Ò Ù, and accute ( ' ) Á É Í Ó Ú.

Grave denotes a different sound for vowels.

The tilde accent denotes a nasalisation of the letter.

Circumflex accent denotes a stressed version of a vowel's grave sound.

Accute accent denotes a stressed version of the vowel's normal sound.

Sacovian also employs ten different vowel cluster digraphs:

  • Ae (/ɑi/)
  • Ai (/ɛ/)
  • Au (/ɔ/)
  • Eau (/ɔ/)
  • Ei (/e/)
  • Eu (/ə/)
  • Oa (/wɑ/)
  • Oe (/ə/)
  • Oi (/wɑ/)
  • Ou (/ʊ/)

'Nt' and 'Ns' are also sometimes used. At the end of a word, 'nt' and 'ns' are silent and nasalise the preceding vowel.

Strong, Neutral, Weak

Though technically classified as 'grammatical gender', Sacovian classifies its nouns as strong, neutral, or weak. This classification affects the conjugation of adjectives, and also how the noun changes based on its count. Nouns are strong if they end in a voiced consonant, neutral if they end in a vowel, and weak if they end in an unvoiced consonant (even if that consonant is silent). Nouns in Sacovian do not inflect for case or mood.

Verb conjugation

Sacovian verbs conjugate based on who is performing the action, as well as the mood of the verb.

Sacovian verbs also conjugate according to the verb's infinitive ending, which is either '-a' or '-e'.

Present:

-a -e
Number Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur.
First Person -ê -ama -ê -aime
Second Person -as -ae -aiç -ae
Third Person -at -ast -et -aist
Imperative -asa -asa -eisè -eisè

Past:

-a -e
Number Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur.
First Person -ô -azra -ô -ezré
Second Person -ar -eu -èr -eu
Third Person -arca -aras -èrque -ères

Future:

-a -e
Number Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur.
First Person -û -anhada -û -enhadè
Second Person -am -eau -em -eau
Third Person -aiz -ãdz -eiz -ẽdz

Adjectives conjugate to the grammatical gender of the noun they describe:

  • Standard (no noun): -ay
  • Strong: -ò
  • Neutral: -i
  • Weak: - (remove -ay)

Ex.:

  • Standard (no noun): Asûray
  • Strong: Asûrò
  • Neutral: Asûri
  • Weak: Asûr

Grammar

Standard word order in Sacovian is Subject-Verb-Object. A common exception to this is when the direct object of the verb is a pronoun, in which case the pronoun comes before the verb (unless the verb is imperative, in which case the pronoun is attached to the end of the verb).

Adjectives always come after the noun they modify.

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