Meckelnish language: Difference between revisions

From MicrasWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
 
(9 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 87: Line 87:
* /sk, sn, sl/ are realized as /ʃ/.
* /sk, sn, sl/ are realized as /ʃ/.
* /b/ is realized as /f/ in word-final positions.
* /b/ is realized as /f/ in word-final positions.
<div style="display:inline-table">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Meckelnish monophthongs
|+Meckelnish monophthongs
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" |Front
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Back
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Back
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |unrounded
! colspan="2" |unrounded
!rounded
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
| style="border-right:0;" align="center" |ɪ
| style="border-right:0;" align="center" |ɪ
| style="border-left:0;" align="center" |iː
| style="border-left:0;" align="center" |iː
| rowspan="2" align="center" |(ʏ)
| rowspan="2" style="border-right:0;" align="center" |o
| style="border-right:0;" align="center" |uː
| rowspan="2" |uː
|-
|-
!Mid
!Mid
| style="border-right:0;" align="center" |ɛ
| colspan="2" style="border-right:0;" align="center" |ɛ
| style="border-left:0;" align="center" |ɛː
| align="center" |oː
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
| style="border-right:0;" align="center" |a
| colspan="4" style="border-right:0;" align="center" |a
| style="border-left:0;" align="center" |aː
|
| align="center" |ɑ
|}
|}
 
</div>
<div style="display:inline-table">
<div style="display:inline-table">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 122: Line 118:
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
| align="center" |(ei)
| align="center" |ei
| align="center" |ou
| align="center" |
|-
|-
!Mid
!Mid
Line 130: Line 126:
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
| align="center" |(ai)
| align="center" |ai
| align="center" |ɑu
| align="center" |ɑu
|}
|}
</div>'''Notes:'''
</div>
*/e/ was realized as /ei/ before /i/.
'''Notes:'''
*/a, ɑ/ were realized as /ai/ before /i/.
*/ɛ/ is realized as /ei/ before /iː/.
*/ʏ/ only appeared as a short vowel during rounding.
*/a/ is realized as /ai/ before /iː/.
*/e/, /o/, were realized as /ɛu/, /ou/ before /j, w/.
*/ɛ/ is realized as /ɛu/ before /j, w/.
*/ɑ/ was realized as /ɑu/ before /w/ and /ɔi/ before /j/.
*/a/ is realized as /ɑu/ before /w/ and /ɔi/ before /j/.
*/ɑu/ was realized as /ɔi/ before /i/.
*/ɑu/ is realized as /ɔi/ before /iː/.
*/uː/ was realized as /uːw/ in syllable-final positions and between vowels.
*/uː/ is realized as /uːw/ in syllable-final positions and between vowels.


===Middle Meckelnish===
===Middle Meckelnish===
Line 216: Line 212:
* /b/ was realized as /f/ in word-final positions.
* /b/ was realized as /f/ in word-final positions.
*/sk, sn, sl/ were realized as /ʃ/.<div style="display:inline-table">
*/sk, sn, sl/ were realized as /ʃ/.<div style="display:inline-table">
<div style="display:inline-table">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Middle Meckelnish monophthongs
|+Middle Meckelnish monophthongs
Line 244: Line 241:
| style="border-left:0;" align="center" |ɑː
| style="border-left:0;" align="center" |ɑː
|}
|}
 
</div>
<div style="display:inline-table">
<div style="display:inline-table">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 253: Line 250:
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
| align="center" | (ei)
| align="center" | ei
| align="center" |ou
| align="center" |ou
|-
|-
Line 261: Line 258:
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
| align="center" |(ai)
| align="center" |ai
| align="center" |ɑu
| align="center" |ɑu
|}
|}
</div>'''Notes:'''
</div>
*/o/ was rounded as /ʏ/ before /i/.
'''Notes:'''
*/e/ was realized as /ei/ before /i/.
*/o/ was rounded as /ʏ/ before /iː/.
*/a, ɑ/ were realized as /ai/ before /i/.
*/e/ was realized as /ei/ before /iː/.
*/a, ɑ/ were realized as /ai/ before /iː/.
*/ʏ/ only appeared as a short vowel during rounding.
*/ʏ/ only appeared as a short vowel during rounding.
* /e/, /o/, were realized as /ɛu/, /ou/ before /j, w/.
* /e/, /o/, were realized as /ɛu/, /ou/ before /j, w/.
*/ɑ/ was realized as /ɑu/ before /w/ and /ɔi/ before /j/.
*/ɑ/ was realized as /ɑu/ before /w/ and /ɔi/ before /j/.
*/ɑu/ was realized as /ɔi/ before /i/.
*/ɑu/ was realized as /ɔi/ before /iː/.
*/uː/ was realized as /uːw/ in syllable-final positions and between vowels.
*/uː/ was realized as /uːw/ in syllable-final positions and between vowels.


Line 397: Line 395:
</div>
</div>
'''Notes:'''
'''Notes:'''
*/u/, /o/ were rounded as /y/, /ø/ before /i/.
*/u/, /o/ were rounded as /y/, /ø/ before /i, iː/.
*/e, ɛ/ were realized as /ei/ before /i/.
*/e, ɛ/ were realized as /ei/ before /i, iː/.
*/ɑ, æ/ were realized as /ai/ before /i/.
*/ɑ, æ/ were realized as /ai/ before /i, iː/.
*/y, e, ø/ only appeared as short vowels during rounding.
*/y, e, ø/ only appeared as short vowels during rounding.
*/ɛ, e/, /o/, were realized as /ɛu/, /ou/ before /j, w/.
*/ɛ, e/, /o/, were realized as /ɛu/, /ou/ before /j, w/.
*/ɑ/ was realized as /ɑu/ before /w/ and /ɔi/ before /j/.
*/ɑ/ was realized as /ɑu/ before /w/ and /ɔi/ before /j/.
* /ɑu/ was realized as /ɔi/ before /i/.
* /ɑu/ was realized as /ɔi/ before /i, iː/.


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Meckelnish alphabet
!
!A a
!B b
!D d
!E e
!F f
!Ƀ ƀ
!G g
!H h
!I i
!J j
!K k
!L l
!M m
!N n
!O o
!P p
!R r
!S s
!T t
!U u
!W w
!Z z
!Ð ð
!'''Þ þ'''
|-
!Name
|/ɑi/
|/bei/
|/dei/
|/ei/
|/ɛf/
|/vei/
|/gei/
|/ɑχ/
|/iː/
|/ja/
|/ka/
|/ɛl/
|/ɛm/
|/ɛn/
|/ow/
|/pei/
|/ɛɾ/
|/ɛs/
|/tei/
|/uː/
|/wɑi/
|/zɑi/
|/ɛð/
|/θei/
|}
<div style="display:inline-table">
{| class="wikitable"
|+Consonants
!
!IPA
|-
!b
|/b/
|-
!d
|/d/
|-
!f
|/f/
|-
!ƀ
|/v/
|-
!g
|/g/
|-
!gh
|/χ/
|-
!h
|/ɦ/, /ç/
|-
!j
|/j/
|-
!k
|/k/
|-
!l
|/l/
|-
!m
|/m/, /ɱ/
|-
!n
|/n/, /ŋ/
|-
!p
|/p/
|-
!r
|/ɾ/
|-
!s
|/s/
|-
!sh
|/ʃ/
|-
!t
|/t/
|-
!w
|/w/
|-
!z
|/z/
|-
!zh
|/ʒ/
|-
!ð
|/ð/
|-
!'''þ'''
|/θ/
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-table">
{| class="wikitable"
|+Vowels
!
!IPA
|-
!a
|/a/
|-
!aij
|/ai/
|-
!au
|/ɑu/
|-
!e
|/ɛ/
|-
!eu
|/ɛu/
|-
!i
|/ɪ/
|-
!ie
|/iː/
|-
!ij
|/ei/
|-
!o
|/o/
|-
!uu
|/uː/
|}
</div>
===Middle Meckelnish===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Middle Meckelnish alphabet
!
!A a
!B b
!D d
!E e
!F f
!Ƀ ƀ
!G g
!H h
!I i
!J j
!K k
!L l
!M m
!N n
!O o
!P p
!R r
!S s
!T t
!U u
!Ð ð
|-
!Name
|/ɑː/
|/bei/
|/dei/
|/ei/
|/ɛf/
|/vei/
|/çei/
|/ɑx/
|/iː/
|/jɑː/
|/kɑː/
|/ɛl/
|/ɛm/
|/ɛn/
|/oː/
|/pei/
|/ɛɾ/
|/ɛs/
|/tei/
|/uː/
|/ɛθ/
|}
<div style="display:inline-table">
{| class="wikitable"
|+Consonants
!
!IPA
|-
!b
|/b/
|-
!d
|/d/
|-
!f
|/f/
|-
!ƀ
|/v/
|-
!g
|/ɣ/, /g/
|-
!gh
|/x/, /ç/
|-
!h
|/h/
|-
!j
|/j/
|-
!k
|/k/
|-
!l
|/l/
|-
!m
|/m/
|-
!n
|/n/, /ŋ/
|-
!p
|/p/
|-
!r
|/ɾ/
|-
!s
|/s/, /z/
|-
!t
|/t/
|-
!uu
|/w/
|-
!ð
|/θ/, /ð/
|}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-table">
{| class="wikitable"
|+Vowels
!
!IPA
!Notes
|-
!a
|/ɑ/, /ɑː/
|
|-
!â
|/ɑu/
|
|-
!å
|/ɔi/
|⟨a⟩ before ⟨j⟩
|-
!ai
|/ai/
|
|-
!âi
|/ɔi/
|
|-
!e
|/ɛ/, /ɛː/, /e/
|
|-
!é
|/ei/
|Word-final ⟨e⟩
|-
!ê
|/ɛu/
|
|-
!ei
|/ei/
|
|-
!i
|/i/, /iː/
|
|-
!o
|/o/, /oː/
|
|-
!ö
|/ø/
|
|-
!ô
|/ou/
|
|-
!u
|/u/, /uː/
|
|-
!ü
|/y/
|
|-
!æ
|/æ/, /æː/
|
|-
!æi
|/ai/
|
|}
</div>
===Old Meckelnish===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Old Meckelnish alphabet
|+Old Meckelnish alphabet

Latest revision as of 05:55, 3 January 2024

{{{1}}} This article or section is a work in progress. The information below may be incomplete, outdated, or subject to change.

The Meckelnish language is an official language of the Kingdom of Meckelnburgh and the constituent state of Meckelnburgh, where it is spoken second to Istvanistani by a majority of the population. Meckelnish is a Crando-Batavian language, with heavy influences of Alexandrian, another national language of Meckelnburgh.

Phonology

Meckelnish consonant phonemes
Bilabial Labio-
dental 		Dental/
Alveolar 		Post­-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m (ɱ) n (ŋ)
Plosive p b t d k g
Fricative
(sibilant) 		f v θ ð (ç) χ ɦ
s z ʃ (ʒ)
Approximant l j w
Rhotic ɾ

Notes:

  • /f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/ are realized as /v/, /ð/, /z/, /ʒ/ between vowels and in syllable-initial positions.
  • /n/ is realized as /ŋ/ before /g, k, χ/.
  • /m/ is realized as /ɱ/ before /f, v/.
  • /n/ is realized as /m/ before /p, b/.
  • /ɦ/ is realized as /χ/ between vowels and in syllable-final positions.
  • /ɦ/ is realized as /ç/ before front vowels and after /iː/.
  • /b/ is realized as /f/ in word-final positions.
  • /sk, sn, sl/ are realized as /ʃ/.
  • /b/ is realized as /f/ in word-final positions.
Meckelnish monophthongs
Front Back
unrounded
Close ɪ iː o uː
Mid ɛ
Open a
Meckelnish diphthongs
Front Back
Close ei
Mid ɛu (ɔi)
Open ai ɑu

Notes:

  • /ɛ/ is realized as /ei/ before /iː/.
  • /a/ is realized as /ai/ before /iː/.
  • /ɛ/ is realized as /ɛu/ before /j, w/.
  • /a/ is realized as /ɑu/ before /w/ and /ɔi/ before /j/.
  • /ɑu/ is realized as /ɔi/ before /iː/.
  • /uː/ is realized as /uːw/ in syllable-final positions and between vowels.

Middle Meckelnish

Middle Meckelnish consonant phonemes
Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Post­-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n (ŋ)
Plosive p b t d k (g)
Fricative
(sibilant) 		f v θ ð (ç) (x) ɣ ɦ
s z (ʃ)
Approximant l j w
Rhotic ɾ

Notes:

  • /f/, /θ/, /s/ were realized as /v/, /ð/, /z/ between vowels and in syllable-initial positions.
  • /ɣ/ was realized as /g/ after /n/.
  • /n/ was realized as /ŋ/ before /g, k, x/.
  • /ɣ, ɦ/ were realized as /x/ between vowels and in syllable-final positions.
  • /ɣ, ɦ/ were realized as /ç/ before front vowels and after /iː/.
  • /b/ was realized as /f/ in word-final positions.
  • /sk, sn, sl/ were realized as /ʃ/.
Middle Meckelnish monophthongs
Front Back
unrounded rounded
Close ɪ iː (ʏ) o uː
Mid e ɛː oː
Open a aː ɑ ɑː
Middle Meckelnish diphthongs
Front Back
Close ei ou
Mid ɛu (ɔi)
Open ai ɑu

Notes:

  • /o/ was rounded as /ʏ/ before /iː/.
  • /e/ was realized as /ei/ before /iː/.
  • /a, ɑ/ were realized as /ai/ before /iː/.
  • /ʏ/ only appeared as a short vowel during rounding.
  • /e/, /o/, were realized as /ɛu/, /ou/ before /j, w/.
  • /ɑ/ was realized as /ɑu/ before /w/ and /ɔi/ before /j/.
  • /ɑu/ was realized as /ɔi/ before /iː/.
  • /uː/ was realized as /uːw/ in syllable-final positions and between vowels.

Old Meckelnish

Old Meckelnish consonant phonemes
Labial Dental/
Alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n (ŋ)
Plosive p b t d k (g)
Fricative
(sibilant) 		f (v) θ (ð) (ç) (x) ɣ h
s (z)
Approximant l j w
Rhotic ɾ

Notes:

  • /f/, /θ/, /s/ were realized as /v/, /ð/, /z/ between vowels.
  • /ɣ/ was realized as /g/ after /n/.
  • /n/ was realized as /ŋ/ before /g, k/.
  • /ɣ, h/ were realized as /x/ between vowels and in syllable-final positions.
  • /ɣ, h/ were realized as /ç/ before front vowels.
Old Meckelnish monophthongs
Front Back
unrounded rounded
Close i iː (y) u uː
Close-mid (e) (ø) o oː
Open-mid ɛ ɛː
Open æ æː ɑ ɑː
Old Meckelnish diphthongs
Front Back
Close (ei) ou
Mid ɛu (ɔi)
Open (ai) ɑu

Notes:

  • /u/, /o/ were rounded as /y/, /ø/ before /i, iː/.
  • /e, ɛ/ were realized as /ei/ before /i, iː/.
  • /ɑ, æ/ were realized as /ai/ before /i, iː/.
  • /y, e, ø/ only appeared as short vowels during rounding.
  • /ɛ, e/, /o/, were realized as /ɛu/, /ou/ before /j, w/.
  • /ɑ/ was realized as /ɑu/ before /w/ and /ɔi/ before /j/.
  • /ɑu/ was realized as /ɔi/ before /i, iː/.

Orthography

Meckelnish alphabet
A a B b D d E e F f Ƀ ƀ G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p R r S s T t U u W w Z z Ð ð Þ þ
Name /ɑi/ /bei/ /dei/ /ei/ /ɛf/ /vei/ /gei/ /ɑχ/ /iː/ /ja/ /ka/ /ɛl/ /ɛm/ /ɛn/ /ow/ /pei/ /ɛɾ/ /ɛs/ /tei/ /uː/ /wɑi/ /zɑi/ /ɛð/ /θei/
Consonants
IPA
b /b/
d /d/
f /f/
ƀ /v/
g /g/
gh /χ/
h /ɦ/, /ç/
j /j/
k /k/
l /l/
m /m/, /ɱ/
n /n/, /ŋ/
p /p/
r /ɾ/
s /s/
sh /ʃ/
t /t/
w /w/
z /z/
zh /ʒ/
ð /ð/
þ /θ/
Vowels
IPA
a /a/
aij /ai/
au /ɑu/
e /ɛ/
eu /ɛu/
i /ɪ/
ie /iː/
ij /ei/
o /o/
uu /uː/

Middle Meckelnish

Middle Meckelnish alphabet
A a B b D d E e F f Ƀ ƀ G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p R r S s T t U u Ð ð
Name /ɑː/ /bei/ /dei/ /ei/ /ɛf/ /vei/ /çei/ /ɑx/ /iː/ /jɑː/ /kɑː/ /ɛl/ /ɛm/ /ɛn/ /oː/ /pei/ /ɛɾ/ /ɛs/ /tei/ /uː/ /ɛθ/
Consonants
IPA
b /b/
d /d/
f /f/
ƀ /v/
g /ɣ/, /g/
gh /x/, /ç/
h /h/
j /j/
k /k/
l /l/
m /m/
n /n/, /ŋ/
p /p/
r /ɾ/
s /s/, /z/
t /t/
uu /w/
ð /θ/, /ð/
Vowels
IPA Notes
a /ɑ/, /ɑː/
â /ɑu/
å /ɔi/ ⟨a⟩ before ⟨j⟩
ai /ai/
âi /ɔi/
e /ɛ/, /ɛː/, /e/
é /ei/ Word-final ⟨e⟩
ê /ɛu/
ei /ei/
i /i/, /iː/
o /o/, /oː/
ö /ø/
ô /ou/
u /u/, /uː/
ü /y/
æ /æ/, /æː/
æi /ai/

Old Meckelnish

Old Meckelnish alphabet
A a B b D d E e F f Ƀ ƀ G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p R r S s T t U u Æ æ Ð ð
Name /ɑː/ /bei/ /dei/ /ei/ /ɛf/ /vei/ /çei/ /ɑx/ /iː/ /jɑː/ /kɑː/ /ɛl/ /ɛm/ /ɛn/ /oː/ /pei/ /ɛɾ/ /ɛs/ /tei/ /uː/ /æː/ /ɛθ/
Consonants
IPA
b /b/
d /d/
f /f/
ƀ /v/
g /ɣ/, /g/
gh /x/, /ç/
h /h/
j /j/
k /k/
l /l/
m /m/
n /n/, /ŋ/
p /p/
r /ɾ/
s /s/, /z/
t /t/
uu /w/
ð /θ/, /ð/
Vowels
IPA Notes
a /ɑ/, /ɑː/
â /ɑu/
å /ɔi/ ⟨a⟩ before ⟨j⟩
ai /ai/
âi /ɔi/
e /ɛ/, /ɛː/, /e/
é /ei/ Word-final ⟨e⟩
ê /ɛu/
ei /ei/
i /i/, /iː/
o /o/, /oː/
ö /ø/
ô /ou/
u /u/, /uː/
ü /y/
æ /æ/, /æː/
æi /ai/

Morphology

Retrieved from "https://micras.org/wiki/index.php?title=Meckelnish_language&oldid=312147"