View source for Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the Free Duchy of Anglien and the Order of the Holy Lakes

{{Anglien article}}{{Hurmu article}}
The '''Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between the Free Duchy of Anglien and the Order of the Holy Lakes''' is a bilateral treaty between the [[Anglien|Free Duchy of Anglien]] and the [[Order of the Holy Lakes]]. Delegations negotiated the text from {{AN|1756}} to {{AN|1761}}. As of {{AN|1761}}, the treaty is open for signature, and it enters into force once both parties have signed and ratified it.

Under the treaty, the two parties commit to non-aggression and to settling disputes by negotiation or, failing that, before the Common Court of the [[Micras Treaty Organization]]. The treaty fixes the maritime boundary between them in the [[Violette Sea]] on the median line, guarantees freedom of navigation, including in the waters of the [[Purple Isles]], and permits scheduled air services. Beyond the tourist visits that are already visa-free, the treaty lifts visa requirements for stays of up to 90 days and lets enrolled students stay up to 200 days a year, but grants no right to work. Further articles commit the parties to suppress the [[Nü Krantisk Rapskaff]] (NKR), a [[Cranda|Crandish]] ethno-nationalist movement, and to cooperate in prosecuting crimes committed during the [[NKR insurrection|NKR period]]. The preamble affirms that the treaty creates no alliance between the parties.

== Background ==
The two states share a land border in northern [[Apollonia]], and their populations have roots in the former [[Lac Glacei|Grand Duchy of Lac Glacei]]. During the [[NKR insurrection]], which began in {{AN|1752}}, NKR study groups displaced state authority across the western cantons of the Grand Duchy, and on 4.V.{{AN|1753}} the movement proclaimed the [[Nü Krantisk Repüblik]]. The [[Lac Glacei Act]] of 23.XII.{{AN|1754}} incorporated the remnant Grand Duchy into the Order and recognized the Free Duchy as independent. The Order assumed the international obligations of Lac Glacei for the incorporated territories. In {{AN|1756}} all but one of the Purple Isles, an archipelago in the Violette Sea, passed to Anglien. The remaining island, [[Storyäsh]], stayed with the Order.

Some of the crimes of the NKR period were committed in cantons that are now Order territory, among them the massacre at [[Trappsbruck]] in [[Edelweiss]] on 10.VII.{{AN|1753}}. The two states cooperated on these crimes without a treaty. The [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Anglien]] concluded a protocol with the Order's authorities that gave it access to evidence and property records in Order territory, and Order courts gave effect to its restitution orders there. Under the Lac Glacei Act framework, cases from the incorporated cantons could be joined to proceedings before the [[Special NKR Tribunals of Anglien]] with the Order's concurrence. [[Joakim Schær]], whose charges include indirect responsibility for the Trappsbruck massacre, was joined to Tribunal proceedings in this way on 26.V.{{AN|1756}}.

In the [[St. Aldric's Day Surge]] of 14.VII to 4.IX.{{AN|1756}}, the residual NKR underground mounted an offensive in Anglien, and a coalition of Anglian and allied forces broke it. Elements of the Order's [[Hurmu Fyrð]] interdicted movement across the border during the Surge. The insurgency in Anglien collapsed with the death of the underground's leader, [[Maich Grohndgraß]], on 4.IX.{{AN|1756}}. The [[Benacian Union]]'s separate war against NKR remnants in [[Saksenlant]], the [[Benacin–Nü-Krantiskin Streïur]], continued after the Surge. Article X of the treaty commits both parties to deny members of the NKR safe haven and freedom of transit, and to share intelligence on the movement.

Tourist visits between the two states were already visa-free under reciprocal visa rules, but longer stays, employment, and study required a visa. Article VIII of the treaty extends visa-free entry to stays of up to 90 days for citizens of either state holding a valid passport and to stays of up to 200 days a year for enrolled students, without conferring a right of employment.

== Negotiation ==
Talks opened in [[Johannsessbuurg]] in {{AN|1756}}, and later rounds alternated between Johannsessbuurg and [[Huyenkula]]. [[Anneke Brandsen]], then Minister of External Affairs, led the Anglian delegation in the first rounds. The two delegations agreed on a working draft in {{AN|1757}}. During the transitional period under the [[Charter of Anglien]], the [[CATO Commissioner of Peace for Anglien|Commissioner of Peace for Anglien]], the representative of the [[Concord Alliance Treaty Organization]] in the duchy, held an advisory voice, without a veto, wherever the talks bore on Concord Alliance obligations. The Commissioner was consulted on the working draft and raised no objection. The negotiations passed to [[Sanne Okkerse]] when she became Minister of External Affairs in XIII.{{AN|1759}}.

The working draft included an article expressly excluding an alliance and another phasing in free trade over five years. Both were removed from the final text. The Order's delegation judged the alliance article unnecessary because, in its view, no provision of the treaty touches military matters. The preamble retains the parties' affirmation that the treaty is not an alliance. Trade, the parties agreed, would be left to a separate agreement. The Order's delegation also sought confirmation that judicial cooperation would cover only crimes of the NKR period. The final text limits it accordingly and creates no general obligation of extradition between the two states.

The working draft had named the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special NKR Tribunals among the competent bodies. In IV.{{AN|1760}} their work passed to permanent successors. The [[Anglien Memory Commission]] and the [[Office of the Restitution Master]] took over the Commission's functions, and the [[Court for Crimes Against the Constitutional Order]] assumed the Tribunals' jurisdiction. The final text, agreed in {{AN|1761}}, names that court.

== Signature and ratification ==
The treaty had not been signed as of {{AN|1761}}. Under the [[Constitution of Anglien]], treaty-making power rests with the Government. Because the treaty delimits a maritime boundary, it is a treaty affecting territorial matters and therefore requires both ratification by the [[Diet of Anglien|Diet]] and the consent of the [[Burgenraat]]. The [[Sovereign Duke of Anglien|Duke]] signs the instrument of ratification on the advice of the Government. On the Order's side, the treaty requires the approval of the [[Senate of the Lakes]]. Article XIV brings the treaty into force on its signature and ratification by both parties under their respective constitutional procedures.

== Text ==
<div style="padding: 1px; text-align:left; margin:auto; border:1px solid #002971; color:#000000; width:90%;">{{quote|

<center>
[[File:AnglienCOA1756.png|110px]]  [[File:Hurmu coat of arms.png|110px]]


'''TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP AND COOPERATION'''

'''BETWEEN'''

'''THE FREE DUCHY OF ANGLIEN'''

'''AND'''

'''THE ORDER OF THE HOLY LAKES'''

''The [[Anglien|Free Duchy of Anglien]] and the [[Order of the Holy Lakes]], hereinafter the High Contracting Parties,''

''Recalling the long history shared by their peoples and territories, the incorporation of the remnant Grand Duchy of Lac Glacei into the Order under the [[Lac Glacei Act]], and the Order's assumption of the international obligations of Lac Glacei in respect of the incorporated territories and recognition of the assumption of sovereignty by the Free Duchy of Anglien over its territory,''

''Desiring to place relations between them on a footing of friendship, mutual respect, and equality, and affirming that nothing in this Treaty shall constitute an alliance between them,''

''Have agreed as follows:''</center>

'''Article I - Peace and friendship'''
# There shall be a firm and lasting state of peace and friendly relations between the High Contracting Parties, their governments, and their citizens and members, without discrimination. All rights, privileges, and obligations arising under this Treaty apply reciprocally and in equal measure to both High Contracting Parties.

'''Article II - Sovereignty and territorial integrity'''
# Each High Contracting Party shall respect the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the other. Neither High Contracting Party shall interfere in the internal affairs of the other.

'''Article III - Non-aggression'''
# The High Contracting Parties shall refrain from the threat or use of force against each other and shall not permit their territories to be used for acts of aggression directed against the other High Contracting Party.

'''Article IV - Diplomatic relations'''
# The High Contracting Parties affirm the diplomatic relations existing between them and the resident missions exchanged at [[Johannsessbuurg]] and [[Huyenkula]]. Each High Contracting Party shall accord to the diplomatic and consular personnel of the other the immunities and protections customary among sovereign states.

'''Article V - Maritime boundary'''
# The maritime boundary between the High Contracting Parties is delimited in accordance with the principles of the Convention of the Law of the Seas, following the median line between their respective coasts.
# The boundary established under this Article is permanent and shall survive the termination of this Treaty.

'''Article VI - Freedom of navigation'''
# Vessels of each High Contracting Party, including fishing vessels, shall enjoy freedom of navigation in the waters of the other High Contracting Party in accordance with the principles of the Convention of the Law of the Seas, including the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.
# In the Sea of the [[Purple Isles]], vessels flying the flag of either High Contracting Party shall enjoy free navigation in the waters of both High Contracting Parties, without charges other than for specific services rendered.
# This Article does not affect the right of either High Contracting Party to regulate fishing, customs, immigration, environmental and sanitary matters within its own waters in accordance with its laws.

'''Article VII - Air services'''
# Each High Contracting Party grants to the civil air carriers designated by the other High Contracting Party the right to operate scheduled air services between the territories of the two High Contracting Parties, including the right of overflight and of technical stops.
# Routes, capacity, and operational matters shall be settled between the aeronautical authorities of the High Contracting Parties. Such services remain subject to the safety, customs, and immigration laws of the receiving state.

'''Article VIII - Movement of persons'''
# Citizens of each High Contracting Party holding a valid passport may enter the territory of the other High Contracting Party without a visa and remain there for a period not exceeding 90 days.
# Citizens of each High Contracting Party enrolled at a recognized institution of education in the territory of the other may remain for a period not exceeding 200 days in any calendar year, on proof of enrollment.
# This Article does not confer a right of employment, establishment, or permanent residence, which remain governed by the domestic law of the receiving party. Each High Contracting Party retains the right to refuse entry or to remove individual persons in accordance with its laws.

'''Article IX - Cooperation in the investigation and prosecution of crimes of the NKR period'''
# The High Contracting Parties shall cooperate in the investigation and prosecution of crimes committed during the [[NKR insurrection|NKR period]], including extrajudicial killings, persecution, and the destruction of religious and cultural property.
# Such cooperation shall include mutual legal assistance, the exchange of evidence, access to relevant archives, the facilitation of witness testimony, and the surrender of persons indicted for such crimes before the competent tribunals of either High Contracting Party, including the [[Court for Crimes Against the Constitutional Order]] of the Free Duchy of Anglien and the war crimes courts of the [[Realms of Hurmu|Realm]] of [[Lac Glacei]].
# Neither High Contracting Party shall grant refuge, amnesty, or immunity to any person indicted for such crimes for the duration of the legal proceedings and, if that person is found guilty, for the duration of the sentence.
# This Article applies only to crimes committed during the NKR period and does not create a general obligation of extradition between the High Contracting Parties.

'''Article X - Suppression of the Nü Krantisk Rapskaff'''
# The High Contracting Parties designate the [[Nü Krantisk Rapskaff]] and its successor and affiliated organizations as proscribed organizations within their respective jurisdictions.
# Each High Contracting Party shall deny safe haven, financing, materiel, and freedom of transit to members of such organizations within its territory, and shall share, through designated law enforcement channels, intelligence relevant to the suppression of the residual insurgency.

'''Article XI - Recognition of public acts'''
# Each High Contracting Party gives full faith and credit to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of the other in the field of civil law, including records of marriage, property, death, and inheritance, in so far as such acts are done according to the law of the party of origin.
# Records of the former Grand Duchy of Lac Glacei held by either High Contracting Party shall be accessible to the competent authorities of the other for civil, administrative, and judicial purposes.

'''Article XII - Peaceful settlement of disputes'''
# Any dispute between the High Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Treaty, or any other difference arising between them, shall be settled exclusively by peaceful means, in the first instance through direct negotiation, and failing that by submission to the Common Court established under the [[Convention on the Establishment of a Common Court]] of the [[Micras Treaty Organization]].

'''Article XIII - Amendment and termination'''
# This Treaty may be amended by written agreement of both High Contracting Parties.
# Either High Contracting Party may terminate this Treaty by written notice through diplomatic channels, in which case the Treaty shall cease to have effect twelve months after the date of such notice, with the exception of Article V, which shall remain in force.

'''Article XIV - Entry into force'''
# This Treaty enters into force upon its signature and ratification by both High Contracting Parties in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.

<center>_____________</center>

Signed on ____________ at ____________:

For the [[Anglien|Free Duchy of Anglien]]:<br>
____________________<br>
''[[Klaes Boerhaaf]]''<br>
[[Prime Minister of Anglien]]<br>
<br>
____________________<br>
''[[Henrik Aldersen]]''<br>
Ambassador of the Free Duchy of Anglien to the Order of the Holy Lakes<br>

For the [[Order of the Holy Lakes]]:<br>
____________________<br>
''[[Utas Enrique Naian|Utas Ayreon-Kalirion]]''<br>
[[First Secretary of State|First Secretary of State of the Order of the Holy Lakes]]<br>
<br>
____________________<br>
''[[Rebecca van der Meer]]''<br>
Ambassador of the Order of the Holy Lakes to the Free Duchy of Anglien
}}</div>

== See also ==
* [[Foreign relations of Anglien]]
* [[Anglien–Order of the Holy Lakes relations]]
* [[Anglien-Çakaristan Treaty of Friendship]]
* [[Anglien-Floria Treaty of Friendship]]
* [[External relations of the Order of the Holy Lakes]]

[[Category:Treaties]]
[[Category:Anglien]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of Anglien]]
[[Category:Hurmu]]