Duke sinclair:

Northman

2013-12-11T04:24:37Z

Duke sinclair:

2013-11-24T04:54:03Z

Duke sinclair: /* History */

{{Nation
|country = Kingdom of Passas
|image_flag = Passasflggz2.jpg
|language = English
|capital = Zidado West
|largecity = Carol Stream
|website =
|forum = [http://www.mncommunities.org/hamland/forum/viewforum.php?f=13]
|population = N/A
|active = 1
|date_founded = July 29, 2006
|government = Republic of Passas
|currency = Obol
|animal = White-Faced Ferret
|fruit = Lime
|drink = N/A
|map_image =
|maps = 9.4 - ?
|spcoords = (2590,610) (2680,630)
|pacoords =
}}

'''Passas''' is a country located in the tropical plains region of Southwestern [[Keltia]], in the region known as Pallisica. Passas is a member of the Commonwealth of [[Hamland]]. It is directly bordered by [[Alexandria]] to the South, and the Hammish states of [[Israat]] and [[San Luis]] tot he North and East.

As the birthplace of the [[Passasian Economic Model]], Passas is the second largest economy in the Commonwealth of [[Hamland]], second only to the Hammish government itself. As of 5208 ASC the [[Passasian Regional Government]] ranks the 7th largest SCUE affiliated economy. Though the nation was at one point invested in each of SCUE's major markets, today Passas is almost solely invested in the [[HAM50]]. Passas' leading industries include shipping and banking. As of 5208, its largest company is [[Bay of Bel Air]].

Notable Passasians of the modern era include [[Pallisico Sivad]], who is widely credited with the creation of the modern Passasian state, and [[Duke Sinclair]], who crafted the [[Passasian Economic Model]].

== History ==

The history of Passas is long and complicated. As Queen Mina said in her coronation address, in 5106:

"Today, our nation turns 2,556 years old. 2,556 years since the founding of the Republic. 2,106 years since the fall of the Republic. 1,787 years since Passas won it's independence from Gralus. 1,472 years since our nation collapsed following it's bid for independence from Craitland. For 966 years, Passas has existed as a member of the Hammish Commonwealth. Three kings have been coronated before today, with the latest being my father. Today, I become the first queen of Passas. I am proud to become your queen. Proud, but humbled. Humbled, but not intimidated. Not intimidated, because our country is strong."

'''The Republic of Passas (2549 ASC - 3000 ASC)'''

The nation of Passas first appeared in Southwestern Keltia in the year 2,549 ASC. Little is known of the Republic except that it attempted to foster strong foreign relations, and made efforts to implement rudimentary economic systems. In the year 3,000 ASC, the Republic collapsed, and was absorbed into the Confederacy of Gralus.

'''Gralun Passas (3184 ASC - 3319 ASC)'''

Nearly two centuries after the fall of the Republic, Passas was annexed into the newly formed Confederacy of [[Gralus]]. Again, little is known about this period of Passasian history except that it was marked by protests, sometimes violent, against Gralun rule. Certain records indicate that at one point, Passasian naval vessels refused to fly the Gralun flag, much to the dismay of Gralun governors. Records indicate that the presence of the Confederacy was short lived due to wide spread, frequent protests and rebellions.

'''The Pirate States / Craitish Passas (3534 ASC - 3634 ASC)'''

In the centuries following the collapse of Gralun rule in Passas, the the former Republic descended into a state of feudalism. The cities of the west, by this time, had fallen into utter disrepair and chaos while the cities of Newvillage and South City fell under the authority of two ruthless pirates, who's names have been lost to history. When these pirate kings died, so to did their kingdoms. The nation was absrobed by [[Craitland]] for a handful of years before the Craitish, like the Graluns, abandoned their investment in the region after prolonged periods of protest and rebellion.

'''Collapse (3634 ASC - 3879 ASC)'''

With the decision by the Craitish government to cut its losses, Passas was left in a state of limbo. The cities of the south, like their counterparts in the west, fell into disrepair and ruin. The people largely returned to the countryside where they developed the agrarian communities which would later lead to the establishment of the Free Societies.

'''Zidado Kingdom (3879 ASC - 4083 ASC)'''

In 3879 ASC, a certain tribal leader named himself ruler of a new Passasian nation. He established Zidado West as the nation's capital and built a grand palace which now lies in ruin in the western part of the city. Unfortunately, construction of this palace ultimately bankrupted the nation, and it collapsed almost as soon as it appeared.

'''Hammish Passas (4140 ASC - Present)'''

Almost three hundred years after the fall of the Zidado Kingdom, Passas was absorbed into the Hammish Commonwealth, where it remains to this day. Half a century later, in 4199 ASC, the Kingdom of Hamland agreed to the establishment of the [[Free Socieities of Passas]], after disagreements between the peoples of Passas and the Hammish government over certain issues including the use of hallucinogenic drugs.

'''Kingdom of Passas (4870 ASC - 5122)'''

During the era of the Kingdom of Passas, the nation enjoyed greater stability than at any other point in its history, until this point. Beginning in 4847, with the conquest of Pallisica by King Lucien I,this period is known for unprecedented economic and industrial growth. The Passasian Economic Model was developed during the reign of King Lucien III, who established a national bank in the year 5074. During this period a representative legislative body was established for the first time in over 1,000 years. Headed by President [[[Duke Sinclair]], the Passasian Regional Government passed legislation which improved Passas's economic power and influence.

This period of Passasian history saw the birth of the city of [[Nuncrest]]. This new city served to unify the nation's ancient autonomous regions.

Notable Figures:
[[King Lucien III]]
[[Duke Sinclair]]
[[Queen Mina]]

Second Republic of Passas '''(~5119 - Present)'''

It is unclear whether the Second Republic of Passas came into existence in 5119 ASC, when the Central Bank of Passas was absorbed into the Hammish Ministry of Coin, or 4122 ASC, when Queen Mina announced her abdication in an interview with [[The Daily Pallisican]]. Some scholars even point to August 15, 5123 as the date of the establishment of the Second Republic, for the reason being that on that date the [[Passasian Regional Government]] announced that it would opt out of all foreign markets, in a move which set the tone for the nation's future economic policy.

Of the eight eras of Passasian history,the Second Republic is by far the most well documented. This period has seen, among other things, the rise of [[Pallisican Imperialist]] political philosophy. The Hammish city of Bel Air was annexed into Passas in 5131 ASC following the establishment of the Commonwealth of [[Hamland]]. The Passasian economy has enjoyed greater stability than at any other point in the nation's history.

== Geography ==
Passas is located in Southwestern Keltia. It is the Southernmost province of Central [[Hamland]], and it borders [[Alexandria]] Santa Gertrudis to the North. Passas is primarily a tropical grassland, though it features sparse woodlands in certain areas. The nation's western region is hilly, and lightly forested.

== Cities ==

'''[[Zidado West]]'''

'''[[Zibert]]'''

'''[[Zimia]]'''

'''[[Northman]]'''

'''[[Carol Stream]]'''

'''[[Kingsland]]'''

'''[[Springville]]'''

'''[[Nuncrest]] '''

'''[[Bel-Air]]'''

==Societies==

'''Zidado Societies'''
'''Zibert Societies'''
'''Zimia Society'''
'''Carol Stream Society'''

== Government ==

Passas is a small, semi-sovereign theocratic monarchy, with a hereditary line of succession, which is supported by a satropy system. The King of Passas holds executive, and legislative power, including the ability to dissolve both the Temple and Secular courts, as well as to pass and implement, or veto legislation passed by the Passasian Regional Government.

The king is at the center of the nation's social and political hierarchy. Cities are conceptualized as royal households, reflecting tastes of local rulers, as well as those of the king. Governors and other high ranking city officials are appointed at his discretion, as are court officials. The king has the power to designate and allocate all land in the province. In addition, the king controls the nation's central bank. He oversees loans and grants to the Passasian Regional Government, and decides national tax and interest rates.

The Passasian Regional Government (PRG) serves as the nation's legislative body. Composed of three representatives from each city, and one from each free society, it has the authority to pass laws, to declare war, and to elect a "duke," or president, who acts as the official spokesman for the PRG, and who presides over legislative gatherings. It is the responsibility of the PRG to maintain the nation's credit.

Judicial power is held by the Temple and Secular courts. The Temple Courts enforce laws which pertain to moral turpitude, such as indiscretion, insubordination, and heresy, whereas civil and criminal law fall within the domain of the the Secular Court. Secular court adjudicates cases which Temple Court cannot, and has appellate jurisdiction over Temple Court.

The King is not above the law, but judicial administration is under his authority. It's the King which delegates to other close officials for individual cases. Courts are comprised of panels featuring judges, state officials, and temple officials. The legal system of Passas is inquisitorial, as opposed to adversarial, which entails a high degree of cooperation between all parties. Passas' legal system is renowned for the role of it's judges in developing evidence, as well as the requirement of defendant's testimony, even when its self-incriminating. Lawsuits are common in the kingdom. Carried out in a very particular, very formal fashion, it's best to summarize by detailing that only free men have the right to readily sue, and slaves may sue in regards to their status. Heads of household sue on behalf of families, or slaves (in regards to matters other than status), women, and children.

All property in the kingdom is effectively owned first and foremost by the king, from land, to homes, to slaves, to livestock. By extension, anyone who seeks to own any of the king's property, that is, anyone who seeks to own land, or a home, or anything, must seek permission from a king's representative (priest), in the form of a very formal, signed, contract (stipulating the terms of your “ownership”). So, to own a home or a slave, as an Passasian commoner, is essentially to borrow it from the king.

All people born in Passas are natural citizens. Rights and Privileges of citizenry include the right to vote on PRG representatives, protection by the state police, and legal incentives such as the right to representation in the court of law, and the ability to earn parole. Responsibilities include two years of compulsory military service for men, and for women: a year of service to the king's temples.

== Religion ==

Coming Soon

== Military ==

The Passasian military is a hodgepodge of outdated units and weapons, which reflects the country's long poverty. Suffice to say, the technology utilized by the Passasian armies. is in no way shape or form, capable of contending with the advanced technologies of other nations on Micras. Nowadays, the nation's military is used more for sport than anything else, since Passas has not faced any real threat of war for many centuries.

The nation's entire standing army consists of only about 2,380 units divided up into four armies, located in the nation's four largest cities. These armies compete for cash prizes in a yearly tournament in which the armies are pitted against one another in very real, very bloody battles across the country. These war games are a favorite spectacle for many Passasians, and many young men vie to take part in them.

Each army consists of between 200-600 soldiers, with unit types varying at the discretion of commanders and the provincial governors. In general, infantry is the favorite unit type, with around 500 men filling the ranks between the four armies. Cavalry units are less popular, though on certain years they tend to be more or less in vogue. Currently, there are around 170 cavalry units between the armies. Siege units are hardly utilized, with only around 30 cannons between the armies.

The war games occur annually, every Summer. They last for two months, or until a winner has been determined. In order to prevent the war games from spilling over into actual wars, a list of rules are strictly enforced by the tournament's judges, who are usually appointed by the king. This list of rules is as follows.

I. Conduct of Armed Forces
(a) Surprise attacks are illegal
(b) Torture is prohibited
(c) Mutilation of dead bodies is prohibited
(d) Boasting is discouraged
(e) Chemical/biological warfare is prohibited
(f) Unnecessary force/weaponry is discouraged
(g)Surrendering forces aren't fought or refused.
(h)Retreating forces are not chased.
(i)Severe punishment for terrorism (death)
(j) Do not betray or misappropriate any part of the booty
(k)Do not practice treachery or mutilation
(l)Do not uproot or burn palms or cut down fruitful trees
(m)Do not slaughter a sheep or a cow or a camel, except for food
(n)You will meet people who have set themselves apart in hermitages; leave them to accomplish the purpose for which they have done this.
(o)It is forbidden to cut off enemies' water supply.
(p)Soldiers must enlist of their own will
(q)Only debt free adult males (>16 y.o.) allowed to enlist.

II. Civilian Areas
(a) Killing of non-combatants is prohibited
(b) Killing of all combatants is permitted
© Looting is prohibited
(d)Use of civilian facilities without permission is prohibited.
-Negotiations
(a) Leaders are not required to negotiate for peace.
(b) Negotiations require third party intervention/moderation.

-Prisoners of War
(a) Only combatants can be captured
(b) Prisoners may be held for ransom
(d) Unreleased prisoners can be enslaved.
(b) Surrendering forces aren't fought or refused.
© Retreating forces are not chased.
(e) Severe punishment for terrorism (death)

The war games are an old practice, though they've gained in importance over the past generation due in large part to the increasing rate of urbanization. As people flock to the cities, the demand increases for winning armies, and the stakes become greater. The commanders of the winning army are invited to dine for one night with the royal family. The army itself receives a large sum of gold from the king, which is usually added to their city's reserve. The soldiers themselves are revered as heroes, and often accumulate large sums of personal wealth via sponsorships and tributes. Many people gamble on battles, and even venture out into the country-side to follow armies on their campaign. Suffice to say, the Summer months are a favorite time for most Passasians, who take immense pride in their respective armies.

== Economy ==

When the Republic of Passas collapsed in the year 3000 ASC, it's central bank collapsed with it. For the succeeding 1,700 years, no such centralized financial institution would be established. Despite being absorbed into a handful of different nations, the Passasian economy would dwindle and revert to a primitive state from which it would not improve until the year 5074 ASC, when the newly established Passasian Regional Government voted in favor of establishing a central bank based on the [[Small Commonwealth Bank]].

Today, the Kingdom of Passas is the strongest economy in Southwestern [[Keltia]]. With investments in each of the major markets, the [[Passasian Regional Government]] is among the ten wealthiest traders on the Commonwealth Exchange. Despite this, the value of the PRG constitutes only about 32% of the nation's overall GDP; the majority of the nation's wealth is constituted by the value of it's private industry.

The structure of the nation's economy is simple. In brief, the Passasian Central Bank receives funds from the Central Bank of Hamland. In turn, the Passasian Central Bank grants and loans money to the Passasian Regional Government, who invests in local and foreign businesses and industries. In addition, the PRG can allocate funds to the nation's cities, which in turn also invest in domestic and foreign companies. This economic system has come to be known as the [[Passasian Economic Model]], and it has begun to be implemented in Central Hamland, and [[The Free State of Haifa.]]

The Kingdom is, as of 5118, experiencing a 1.9% rate of urbanization. The nation's urban population constitutes 68% of the nation's total. Life expectancy is 74 years. Fertility rate is 3.2 children/family, and the gender ratio of males to females is 1.31. Literacy rate is 82%.

== Free Societies ==

== Family Life ==

A typical Passasian family consists of a mother, father, and two to five children, all living in the same household with one two to other families, usually comprised of the father's brother or sister, their spouse, and children. Villages and cities usually develop around particular family and ethnic groups.

Formal rites of passage occur at birth, transition into adulthood, marriage, and death. The most significant rites of passage are those of transition into adulthood, and death. Initiation rites for boys, which occur every ten years, involve prolonged periods of isolation from the community, during which time such knowledge and skills are taught as farming techniques, methods of building homes, craft specialties, songs and dances, and rudimentary history of the culture and country., as well as how to behave with other adults and elders. Social messages are reinforced by beatings, physical mutilation such as circumcision and ritualistic scarring. These initiation rites also include vision quests, in which initiates are led to remote wilderness locations, where they ingest powerful hallucinogenic drinks, in an attempt to seek guidance and counsel from the divines. Initiation rites for girls are much less pronounced, and yet involve many of the same lessons as are taught to boys during their rigorous rites, but primarily pertain to the role of women in the context of community.

The customs of childbirth place the brunt of the burden unto the mother alone. Expectant mothers bear children entirely on their own, in isolated places in the wilderness. They have no aid, unless it's deemed necessary by community elders that the expectant mother is not capable of handling the task alone. While pregnant, expectant mothers are encouraged to seek the counsel of notable figures of Passasian culture, heroes and teachers, scribes and kings, and to meditate about these figures, while spending as much time as possible alone in the wilderness, in peaceful tranquil settings. In the wilderness, away from the community of her home, she is alone expected to bear the pains of childbirth. There are no formal presentations of new children, as such a practice is believed to instill a false sense of importance upon the child, which it will not truly earn for many years.

At eight years old, boys are handed from their mothers to their fathers, for disciplined training, and preparation for the rigorous initiation rites which occur two years later (at which point they're considered adults). Girls are raised and educated by their grandmothers, who are revered with great dignity. Children younger than eight years old are typically dressed in light, soft colors such as pale blue and pink, children eight to ten years of age are dressed in brighter variations of the same colors, and may now adorn the color green to signify a period of growth and learning. Young adults, aged ten to fifteen are dressed in darker variations of red and blue and green, and from fifteen until old age, no specific color can be considered common to both genders.

Customs surrounding death include the summoning of the eldest son of the deceased to the death bed, where he is expected to symbolically inhale the last breath of his parent. Public processions carry the deceased on a wooden platform, to the tomb or pyre, where the body is cremated. Participants of the procession where death masks, representing ancestors and notable heroes of Passas, and processions usually feature mimes, dancers, and fire breathers. Nine days after the day of procession, the home of the deceased is swept, and the dust is dumped over the tomb. After this cleansing ritual, the dead are mostly ignored, and forgotten.

== Food ==

Mocked throughout the region for it's local delicacies, the people of Passas consume a diet which reflects frugality and agricultural hardship, and which specializes in the use of wheat, various oils, and wine. A typical day in the life of a citizen consists of four meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner, and after-dinner (lunch-dinner). Breakfast is observed around sunrise, lunch--shortly before noon, dinner takes place in the mid-afternoon, and after-dinner is observed in the evening, usually after sunset.

Cereal is a staple of an Passasian breakfast, although it's almost never consumed in the sense we might typically regard it in. Instead, it's typically eaten with “relish,” which consists of cabbage, onions, lentils, sweet peas, chickpeas, broad beans, also complimented by honey. White wine is a common drink consumed with breakfast, even amongst young children. Lunch most often features a combination of barley broth, fruit (pomegranates, figs, grapes), and a drink of spring-water. Dinner in Passas usually features a light quantity of pork stew (black broth), as well as cheese and red-wine. After-dinner is the smallest of the meals, featuring a combination of cereal, eggs, and rose wine. Sweet dumplings are often consumed at this time, sometimes with figs.

Social hierarchies are obviously represented in the country's cuisine. For instance, meat is typically consumed ritualistically by the priest class, which is regarded with less esteem than only that of the king. Extremely wealthy landowners tend to raise pigs, cows, and sheep, which they are able to sell for very high prices, mostly to those associated with the king's church. Fowl meat is less often consumed by nobility, and more by the middle class workers. Peasantry often raise geese and sheep, for personal consumption. Nobles tend to grill their meat, while middle class and peasantry tend more to salt and cook it. The country's poor eat little to no meat, but for what they hunt. Instead they consume mostly crops which they manage to produce, and dried fruit. In extreme situations, it's been observed that those in extreme poverty will often eat acorns. Common drink ranges from water (spring water is universally preferred) to wine (rose, red, and white). A local drink, known as Gugalash consists of barley gruel, mixed with various herbs and spices. The consumption of milk, and the use of butter is seen as barbaric, as is (generally) the use of cutlery.

Formal meals are notable for the elevation of seats and tables above the floor, as they're always several inches taller. In addition, cutlery is used at formal dinners, whereas for non-formal dinners, cutlery is never used. Wine, consumed at formal dinners, is typically of higher quality, is cut with spring water from very specific locales, and is sweetened by herbs such as thyme and penny roll.

Tables, at which meals are eaten, round, with legs shaped like animal legs. There is no place of honor, unless the occasion features royalty or priests, in which case, their seats are slightly higher. Men and women eat separately, first men, then women. Boys eat with their fathers, girls with mothers. Servants/slaves eat on their own, separate from masters, unless by special appointment. Everyone at the table sits at an equal level, near to the floor, except for royalty, and priests, who sit slightly higher. Most meals do not feature cutlery or utensils, but for high-court, formal dinners, which use forks, spoons, and knives.

Most, if not all of the water, is gathered daily, fresh from springs, all of which originate high in the hills. Milk is never consumed, except in very rural areas, and the use of butter is viewed as barbaric. Wine is almost always cut with water, for uncut wine is said to induce madness.

== Race ==

In physical appearance, the people of Passas are distinct amongst the tribes of of Hamland. The Passasian people are readily identified by a mesomporphic, powerful build, and are more prone to build muscle than fat. The vertical height of the typical Passasian cranium is high, and the wide-open eyes are set near to a large, concave nose. Dark brown eyes are most predominate, while lighter brown eyes, even hazel, are much less common. The faces of the people of Passas tend to be orthoganic, with wide chins and broad (not bulbous) foreheads. Brown, to black hair is common, with very rare instances of blonde or red. In addition to all of this, Passasians are renowned for their forward facing ears.

The Passasian standard of beauty for people maintains that less fat is more attractive, while being overly skinny is a sign of ill-health. That is to say that more muscular individuals are more beautiful than individuals who are fat, or skinny. In the same way, lighter colored hair is viewed as favorable, and in an artistic, poetic sense, it is said to harken to the country's golden sky. Wider faces, also are more attractive than narrower, larger noses are favorable to smaller ones, darker eyes are preferred over lighter, and taller individuals are more prone to procreate than shorter, as are those with lighter skin, than are those with darker pigmentation. Large, forward facing ears are regarded as very beautiful.

== Fashion ==

Fashion in Passas is also very distinct. The women of Passas are often seen in public, wearing hoop skirts, or gowns, and are known to change outfits several times a day. Morning attire for the women of Passas involves a simple, soft, muslin gown, which is worn from the early hours after sunrise, to shortly before noon. Afternoon, however, the simple muslin gowns are replaced by extravagant, velvet dresses, adorned with lace, ribbon, and net. These evening dresses are often short-sleeved and low cut, as opposed to the long sleeve, formal gowns worn earlier in the day. White gloves are usually worn with evening dresses, which might be accented with all manner of exaggerated effects, such as bustles, panniers, and crinolines. Particular colors, in Passas, are used to distinguish between the various age-groups of women. Periwinkle blue, pink, and lilac are typically indicative of young age, and are often worn by women seeking courtship and marriage, whereas older women tend to prefer much more harsh colors, such as purple, black, and crimson. The most prominent hairstyle for women consists of masses of curls worn over the forehead and ears, with the long hair in the back, drawn into loose buns (psyche knots). In terms of head wear, bonnets are very common, while more liberal women prefer mob caps.

Men's fashion is much less intricate (as can be expected), typically featuring some variation of the standard, which consists of dull-colored, tight breeches, heavy, high-waited wait coats over linen shirts worn with cravats, and hessian boots, as well as a top hat. Men's hairstyles tend to feature short curls, with long sideburns or muton chops. Hair wax is all the rage amongst the men of Passas.

Passasian fabrics are almost always made of cotton, wool, linen, hemp, tafetta, brocade, velvet, stamped velvet, or muslin.

== Cultural Tips ==

Typically it's seen as rather troublesome and suspicious for individuals to spend much time alone, as it's considered to indicate a conniving nature, mysterious and treacherous against the general welfare of this society which emphasizes total interdependence. To be seen doing nearly anything alone, especially outside of one's home, at night, or in the hottest parts of the scorching summer days, is very likely to rouse high suspicion, to the extent that most Passasians would summon the police to inquire.

When greeting others, raising the head instead of bowing is seen as a blatant, severe insult, and is likely to result in a fight. Likewise, not acknowledging the greeting of another person is somewhat rude, though not nearly to the extent of raising one's head.

When meeting for the first time, people are introduced in relation to their respective fathers, and grandfathers, and in some instances, primarily for those without a notable lineage, are introduced in relation to place of origin. When introducing several people, eldest male is always introduced first, followed by younger men, followed by older women, followed by younger women, and then children. If there is a title of nobility, then it is stated at first meeting, in addition to the reference to father and grandfather, or place of origin, but it's very rarely referenced once two people have become acquainted.

When visiting, or when hosting guests, It's generally impolite to ask about work, or to discuss it in public, regardless of what work entails, in any setting aside from work. This stems from the widely held view that work is best left with work, at work, whereas time spent not working, should be precisely that. Politics are not mentioned, unless by the host.

Typically a guest is not offered anything in particular, except by their own request. Its not unusual for guests (who dictate the nature of their visit, more so than the host), to request light snacks, or fresh water, or to partake in a meal with the host. The host is not likely to offer anything, but is expected to provide for whatever the guests might request, within certain limits (pending the relationship between host and guests). Again, the nature of a visit is determined by the guests, and not by the host. A host who is less able/willing to provide for requests, is more likely to be shunned by friends/family/future guests. Its impolite for a guest to be too forward with their requests, or to make requests very soon after arriving (for anything but water, which is freely requested/granted). So, a guest might immediately ask their host for water at arrival, without ado, whereas a request for bread or wine, or smoke, would be more impolite, at least right away.

Racism is rampant in Passas. Non Passasians are advised not to travel without informing the proper authorities of their destination and expected arrival time.

== Sights and Sounds ==

[[Category: Provinces]]

Passas

2013-11-24T04:53:37Z

Duke sinclair:

{{Nation
|country = Kingdom of Passas
|image_flag = Passasflggz2.jpg
|language = English
|capital = Zidado West
|largecity = Carol Stream
|website =
|forum = [http://www.mncommunities.org/hamland/forum/viewforum.php?f=13]
|population = N/A
|active = 1
|date_founded = July 29, 2006
|government = Republic of Passas
|currency = Obol
|animal = White-Faced Ferret
|fruit = Lime
|drink = N/A
|map_image =
|maps = 9.4 - ?
|spcoords = (2590,610) (2680,630)
|pacoords =
}}

'''Passas''' is a country located in the tropical plains region of Southwestern [[Keltia]], in the region known as Pallisica. Passas is a member of the Commonwealth of [[Hamland]]. It is directly bordered by [[Alexandria]] to the South, and the Hammish states of [[Israat]] and [[San Luis]] tot he North and East.

As the birthplace of the [[Passasian Economic Model]], Passas is the second largest economy in the Commonwealth of [[Hamland]], second only to the Hammish government itself. As of 5208 ASC the [[Passasian Regional Government]] ranks the 7th largest SCUE affiliated economy. Though the nation was at one point invested in each of SCUE's major markets, today Passas is almost solely invested in the [[HAM50]]. Passas' leading industries include shipping and banking. As of 5208, its largest company is [[Bay of Bel Air]].

Notable Passasians of the modern era include [[Pallisico Sivad]], who is widely credited with the creation of the modern Passasian state, and [[Duke Sinclair]], who crafted the [[Passasian Economic Model]].

== History ==

The history of Passas is long and complicated. As Queen Mina said in her coronation address, in 5106:

"Today, our nation turns 2,556 years old. 2,556 years since the founding of the Republic. 2,106 years since the fall of the Republic. 1,787 years since Passas won it's independence from Gralus. 1,472 years since our nation collapsed following it's bid for independence from Craitland. For 966 years, Passas has existed as a member of the Hammish Commonwealth. Three kings have been coronated before today, with the latest being my father. Today, I become the first queen of Passas. I am proud to become your queen. Proud, but humbled. Humbled, but not intimidated. Not intimidated, because our country is strong."

'''The Republic of Passas (2549 ASC - 3000 ASC)'''

The nation of Passas first appeared in Southwestern Keltia in the year 2,549 ASC. Little is known of the Republic except that it attempted to foster strong foreign relations, and made efforts to implement rudimentary economic systems. In the year 3,000 ASC, the Republic collapsed, and was absorbed into the Confederacy of Gralus.

'''Gralun Passas (3184 ASC - 3319 ASC)'''

Nearly two centuries after the fall of the Republic, Passas was annexed into the newly formed Confederacy of [[Gralus]]. Again, little is known about this period of Passasian history except that it was marked by protests, sometimes violent, against Gralun rule. Certain records indicate that at one point, Passasian naval vessels refused to fly the Gralun flag, much to the dismay of Gralun governors. Records indicate that the presence of the Confederacy was short lived due to wide spread, frequent protests and rebellions.

'''The Pirate States / Craitish Passas (3534 ASC - 3634 ASC)'''

In the centuries following the collapse of Gralun rule in Passas, the the former Republic descended into a state of feudalism. The cities of the west, by this time, had fallen into utter disrepair and chaos while the cities of Newvillage and South City fell under the authority of two ruthless pirates, who's names have been lost to history. When these pirate kings died, so to did their kingdoms. The nation was absrobed by [[Craitland]] for a handful of years before the Craitish, like the Graluns, abandoned their investment in the region after prolonged periods of protest and rebellion.

'''Collapse (3634 ASC - 3879 ASC)'''

With the decision by the Craitish government to cut its losses, Passas was left in a state of limbo. The cities of the south, like their counterparts in the west, fell into disrepair and ruin. The people largely returned to the countryside where they developed the agrarian communities which would later lead to the establishment of the Free Societies.

'''Zidado Kingdom (3879 ASC - 4083 ASC)'''

In 3879 ASC, a certain tribal leader named himself ruler of a new Passasian nation. He established Zidado West as the nation's capital and built a grand palace which now lies in ruin in the western part of the city. Unfortunately, construction of this palace ultimately bankrupted the nation, and it collapsed almost as soon as it appeared.

'''Hammish Passas (4140 ASC - Present)'''

Almost three hundred years after the fall of the Zidado Kingdom, Passas was absorbed into the Hammish Commonwealth, where it remains to this day. Half a century later, in 4199 ASC, the Kingdom of Hamland agreed to the establishment of the [[Free Socieities of Passas]], after disagreements between the peoples of Passas and the Hammish government over certain issues including the use of hallucinogenic drugs.

'''Kingdom of Passas (4870 ASC - 5122)'''

During the era of the Kingdom of Passas, the nation enjoyed greater stability than at any other point in its history, until this point. Beginning in 4847, with the conquest of Pallisica by King Lucien I,this period is known for unprecedented economic and industrial growth. The Passasian Economic Model was developed during the reign of King Lucien III, who established a national bank in the year 5074. During this period a representative legislative body was established for the first time in over 1,000 years. Headed by President [[[Duke Sinclair]], the Passasian Regional Government passed legislation which improved Passas's economic power and influence.

This period of Passasian history saw the birth of the city of [[Nuncrest]]. This new city served to unify the nation's ancient autonomous regions.

Notable Figures:
[[King Lucien III]]
[[Duke Sinclair]]
[[Queen Mina]]

[[Second Republic of Passas]] '''(~5119 - Present)'''

It is unclear whether the Second Republic of Passas came into existence in 5119 ASC, when the Central Bank of Passas was absorbed into the Hammish Ministry of Coin, or 4122 ASC, when Queen Mina announced her abdication in an interview with [[The Daily Pallisican]]. Some scholars even point to August 15, 5123 as the date of the establishment of the Second Republic, for the reason being that on that date the [[Passasian Regional Government]] announced that it would opt out of all foreign markets, in a move which set the tone for the nation's future economic policy.

Of the eight eras of Passasian history,the Second Republic is by far the most well documented. This period has seen, among other things, the rise of [[Pallisican Imperialist]] political philosophy. The Hammish city of Bel Air was annexed into Passas in 5131 ASC following the establishment of the Commonwealth of [[Hamland]]. The Passasian economy has enjoyed greater stability than at any other point in the nation's history.

== Geography ==
Passas is located in Southwestern Keltia. It is the Southernmost province of Central [[Hamland]], and it borders [[Alexandria]] Santa Gertrudis to the North. Passas is primarily a tropical grassland, though it features sparse woodlands in certain areas. The nation's western region is hilly, and lightly forested.

== Cities ==

'''[[Zidado West]]'''

'''[[Zibert]]'''

'''[[Zimia]]'''

'''[[Northman]]'''

'''[[Carol Stream]]'''

'''[[Kingsland]]'''

'''[[Springville]]'''

'''[[Nuncrest]] '''

'''[[Bel-Air]]'''

==Societies==

'''Zidado Societies'''
'''Zibert Societies'''
'''Zimia Society'''
'''Carol Stream Society'''

== Government ==

Passas is a small, semi-sovereign theocratic monarchy, with a hereditary line of succession, which is supported by a satropy system. The King of Passas holds executive, and legislative power, including the ability to dissolve both the Temple and Secular courts, as well as to pass and implement, or veto legislation passed by the Passasian Regional Government.

The king is at the center of the nation's social and political hierarchy. Cities are conceptualized as royal households, reflecting tastes of local rulers, as well as those of the king. Governors and other high ranking city officials are appointed at his discretion, as are court officials. The king has the power to designate and allocate all land in the province. In addition, the king controls the nation's central bank. He oversees loans and grants to the Passasian Regional Government, and decides national tax and interest rates.

The Passasian Regional Government (PRG) serves as the nation's legislative body. Composed of three representatives from each city, and one from each free society, it has the authority to pass laws, to declare war, and to elect a "duke," or president, who acts as the official spokesman for the PRG, and who presides over legislative gatherings. It is the responsibility of the PRG to maintain the nation's credit.

Judicial power is held by the Temple and Secular courts. The Temple Courts enforce laws which pertain to moral turpitude, such as indiscretion, insubordination, and heresy, whereas civil and criminal law fall within the domain of the the Secular Court. Secular court adjudicates cases which Temple Court cannot, and has appellate jurisdiction over Temple Court.

The King is not above the law, but judicial administration is under his authority. It's the King which delegates to other close officials for individual cases. Courts are comprised of panels featuring judges, state officials, and temple officials. The legal system of Passas is inquisitorial, as opposed to adversarial, which entails a high degree of cooperation between all parties. Passas' legal system is renowned for the role of it's judges in developing evidence, as well as the requirement of defendant's testimony, even when its self-incriminating. Lawsuits are common in the kingdom. Carried out in a very particular, very formal fashion, it's best to summarize by detailing that only free men have the right to readily sue, and slaves may sue in regards to their status. Heads of household sue on behalf of families, or slaves (in regards to matters other than status), women, and children.

All property in the kingdom is effectively owned first and foremost by the king, from land, to homes, to slaves, to livestock. By extension, anyone who seeks to own any of the king's property, that is, anyone who seeks to own land, or a home, or anything, must seek permission from a king's representative (priest), in the form of a very formal, signed, contract (stipulating the terms of your “ownership”). So, to own a home or a slave, as an Passasian commoner, is essentially to borrow it from the king.

All people born in Passas are natural citizens. Rights and Privileges of citizenry include the right to vote on PRG representatives, protection by the state police, and legal incentives such as the right to representation in the court of law, and the ability to earn parole. Responsibilities include two years of compulsory military service for men, and for women: a year of service to the king's temples.

== Religion ==

Coming Soon

== Military ==

The Passasian military is a hodgepodge of outdated units and weapons, which reflects the country's long poverty. Suffice to say, the technology utilized by the Passasian armies. is in no way shape or form, capable of contending with the advanced technologies of other nations on Micras. Nowadays, the nation's military is used more for sport than anything else, since Passas has not faced any real threat of war for many centuries.

The nation's entire standing army consists of only about 2,380 units divided up into four armies, located in the nation's four largest cities. These armies compete for cash prizes in a yearly tournament in which the armies are pitted against one another in very real, very bloody battles across the country. These war games are a favorite spectacle for many Passasians, and many young men vie to take part in them.

Each army consists of between 200-600 soldiers, with unit types varying at the discretion of commanders and the provincial governors. In general, infantry is the favorite unit type, with around 500 men filling the ranks between the four armies. Cavalry units are less popular, though on certain years they tend to be more or less in vogue. Currently, there are around 170 cavalry units between the armies. Siege units are hardly utilized, with only around 30 cannons between the armies.

The war games occur annually, every Summer. They last for two months, or until a winner has been determined. In order to prevent the war games from spilling over into actual wars, a list of rules are strictly enforced by the tournament's judges, who are usually appointed by the king. This list of rules is as follows.

I. Conduct of Armed Forces
(a) Surprise attacks are illegal
(b) Torture is prohibited
(c) Mutilation of dead bodies is prohibited
(d) Boasting is discouraged
(e) Chemical/biological warfare is prohibited
(f) Unnecessary force/weaponry is discouraged
(g)Surrendering forces aren't fought or refused.
(h)Retreating forces are not chased.
(i)Severe punishment for terrorism (death)
(j) Do not betray or misappropriate any part of the booty
(k)Do not practice treachery or mutilation
(l)Do not uproot or burn palms or cut down fruitful trees
(m)Do not slaughter a sheep or a cow or a camel, except for food
(n)You will meet people who have set themselves apart in hermitages; leave them to accomplish the purpose for which they have done this.
(o)It is forbidden to cut off enemies' water supply.
(p)Soldiers must enlist of their own will
(q)Only debt free adult males (>16 y.o.) allowed to enlist.

II. Civilian Areas
(a) Killing of non-combatants is prohibited
(b) Killing of all combatants is permitted
© Looting is prohibited
(d)Use of civilian facilities without permission is prohibited.
-Negotiations
(a) Leaders are not required to negotiate for peace.
(b) Negotiations require third party intervention/moderation.

-Prisoners of War
(a) Only combatants can be captured
(b) Prisoners may be held for ransom
(d) Unreleased prisoners can be enslaved.
(b) Surrendering forces aren't fought or refused.
© Retreating forces are not chased.
(e) Severe punishment for terrorism (death)

The war games are an old practice, though they've gained in importance over the past generation due in large part to the increasing rate of urbanization. As people flock to the cities, the demand increases for winning armies, and the stakes become greater. The commanders of the winning army are invited to dine for one night with the royal family. The army itself receives a large sum of gold from the king, which is usually added to their city's reserve. The soldiers themselves are revered as heroes, and often accumulate large sums of personal wealth via sponsorships and tributes. Many people gamble on battles, and even venture out into the country-side to follow armies on their campaign. Suffice to say, the Summer months are a favorite time for most Passasians, who take immense pride in their respective armies.

== Economy ==

When the Republic of Passas collapsed in the year 3000 ASC, it's central bank collapsed with it. For the succeeding 1,700 years, no such centralized financial institution would be established. Despite being absorbed into a handful of different nations, the Passasian economy would dwindle and revert to a primitive state from which it would not improve until the year 5074 ASC, when the newly established Passasian Regional Government voted in favor of establishing a central bank based on the [[Small Commonwealth Bank]].

Today, the Kingdom of Passas is the strongest economy in Southwestern [[Keltia]]. With investments in each of the major markets, the [[Passasian Regional Government]] is among the ten wealthiest traders on the Commonwealth Exchange. Despite this, the value of the PRG constitutes only about 32% of the nation's overall GDP; the majority of the nation's wealth is constituted by the value of it's private industry.

The structure of the nation's economy is simple. In brief, the Passasian Central Bank receives funds from the Central Bank of Hamland. In turn, the Passasian Central Bank grants and loans money to the Passasian Regional Government, who invests in local and foreign businesses and industries. In addition, the PRG can allocate funds to the nation's cities, which in turn also invest in domestic and foreign companies. This economic system has come to be known as the [[Passasian Economic Model]], and it has begun to be implemented in Central Hamland, and [[The Free State of Haifa.]]

The Kingdom is, as of 5118, experiencing a 1.9% rate of urbanization. The nation's urban population constitutes 68% of the nation's total. Life expectancy is 74 years. Fertility rate is 3.2 children/family, and the gender ratio of males to females is 1.31. Literacy rate is 82%.

== Free Societies ==

== Family Life ==

A typical Passasian family consists of a mother, father, and two to five children, all living in the same household with one two to other families, usually comprised of the father's brother or sister, their spouse, and children. Villages and cities usually develop around particular family and ethnic groups.

Formal rites of passage occur at birth, transition into adulthood, marriage, and death. The most significant rites of passage are those of transition into adulthood, and death. Initiation rites for boys, which occur every ten years, involve prolonged periods of isolation from the community, during which time such knowledge and skills are taught as farming techniques, methods of building homes, craft specialties, songs and dances, and rudimentary history of the culture and country., as well as how to behave with other adults and elders. Social messages are reinforced by beatings, physical mutilation such as circumcision and ritualistic scarring. These initiation rites also include vision quests, in which initiates are led to remote wilderness locations, where they ingest powerful hallucinogenic drinks, in an attempt to seek guidance and counsel from the divines. Initiation rites for girls are much less pronounced, and yet involve many of the same lessons as are taught to boys during their rigorous rites, but primarily pertain to the role of women in the context of community.

The customs of childbirth place the brunt of the burden unto the mother alone. Expectant mothers bear children entirely on their own, in isolated places in the wilderness. They have no aid, unless it's deemed necessary by community elders that the expectant mother is not capable of handling the task alone. While pregnant, expectant mothers are encouraged to seek the counsel of notable figures of Passasian culture, heroes and teachers, scribes and kings, and to meditate about these figures, while spending as much time as possible alone in the wilderness, in peaceful tranquil settings. In the wilderness, away from the community of her home, she is alone expected to bear the pains of childbirth. There are no formal presentations of new children, as such a practice is believed to instill a false sense of importance upon the child, which it will not truly earn for many years.

At eight years old, boys are handed from their mothers to their fathers, for disciplined training, and preparation for the rigorous initiation rites which occur two years later (at which point they're considered adults). Girls are raised and educated by their grandmothers, who are revered with great dignity. Children younger than eight years old are typically dressed in light, soft colors such as pale blue and pink, children eight to ten years of age are dressed in brighter variations of the same colors, and may now adorn the color green to signify a period of growth and learning. Young adults, aged ten to fifteen are dressed in darker variations of red and blue and green, and from fifteen until old age, no specific color can be considered common to both genders.

Customs surrounding death include the summoning of the eldest son of the deceased to the death bed, where he is expected to symbolically inhale the last breath of his parent. Public processions carry the deceased on a wooden platform, to the tomb or pyre, where the body is cremated. Participants of the procession where death masks, representing ancestors and notable heroes of Passas, and processions usually feature mimes, dancers, and fire breathers. Nine days after the day of procession, the home of the deceased is swept, and the dust is dumped over the tomb. After this cleansing ritual, the dead are mostly ignored, and forgotten.

== Food ==

Mocked throughout the region for it's local delicacies, the people of Passas consume a diet which reflects frugality and agricultural hardship, and which specializes in the use of wheat, various oils, and wine. A typical day in the life of a citizen consists of four meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner, and after-dinner (lunch-dinner). Breakfast is observed around sunrise, lunch--shortly before noon, dinner takes place in the mid-afternoon, and after-dinner is observed in the evening, usually after sunset.

Cereal is a staple of an Passasian breakfast, although it's almost never consumed in the sense we might typically regard it in. Instead, it's typically eaten with “relish,” which consists of cabbage, onions, lentils, sweet peas, chickpeas, broad beans, also complimented by honey. White wine is a common drink consumed with breakfast, even amongst young children. Lunch most often features a combination of barley broth, fruit (pomegranates, figs, grapes), and a drink of spring-water. Dinner in Passas usually features a light quantity of pork stew (black broth), as well as cheese and red-wine. After-dinner is the smallest of the meals, featuring a combination of cereal, eggs, and rose wine. Sweet dumplings are often consumed at this time, sometimes with figs.

Social hierarchies are obviously represented in the country's cuisine. For instance, meat is typically consumed ritualistically by the priest class, which is regarded with less esteem than only that of the king. Extremely wealthy landowners tend to raise pigs, cows, and sheep, which they are able to sell for very high prices, mostly to those associated with the king's church. Fowl meat is less often consumed by nobility, and more by the middle class workers. Peasantry often raise geese and sheep, for personal consumption. Nobles tend to grill their meat, while middle class and peasantry tend more to salt and cook it. The country's poor eat little to no meat, but for what they hunt. Instead they consume mostly crops which they manage to produce, and dried fruit. In extreme situations, it's been observed that those in extreme poverty will often eat acorns. Common drink ranges from water (spring water is universally preferred) to wine (rose, red, and white). A local drink, known as Gugalash consists of barley gruel, mixed with various herbs and spices. The consumption of milk, and the use of butter is seen as barbaric, as is (generally) the use of cutlery.

Formal meals are notable for the elevation of seats and tables above the floor, as they're always several inches taller. In addition, cutlery is used at formal dinners, whereas for non-formal dinners, cutlery is never used. Wine, consumed at formal dinners, is typically of higher quality, is cut with spring water from very specific locales, and is sweetened by herbs such as thyme and penny roll.

Tables, at which meals are eaten, round, with legs shaped like animal legs. There is no place of honor, unless the occasion features royalty or priests, in which case, their seats are slightly higher. Men and women eat separately, first men, then women. Boys eat with their fathers, girls with mothers. Servants/slaves eat on their own, separate from masters, unless by special appointment. Everyone at the table sits at an equal level, near to the floor, except for royalty, and priests, who sit slightly higher. Most meals do not feature cutlery or utensils, but for high-court, formal dinners, which use forks, spoons, and knives.

Most, if not all of the water, is gathered daily, fresh from springs, all of which originate high in the hills. Milk is never consumed, except in very rural areas, and the use of butter is viewed as barbaric. Wine is almost always cut with water, for uncut wine is said to induce madness.

== Race ==

In physical appearance, the people of Passas are distinct amongst the tribes of of Hamland. The Passasian people are readily identified by a mesomporphic, powerful build, and are more prone to build muscle than fat. The vertical height of the typical Passasian cranium is high, and the wide-open eyes are set near to a large, concave nose. Dark brown eyes are most predominate, while lighter brown eyes, even hazel, are much less common. The faces of the people of Passas tend to be orthoganic, with wide chins and broad (not bulbous) foreheads. Brown, to black hair is common, with very rare instances of blonde or red. In addition to all of this, Passasians are renowned for their forward facing ears.

The Passasian standard of beauty for people maintains that less fat is more attractive, while being overly skinny is a sign of ill-health. That is to say that more muscular individuals are more beautiful than individuals who are fat, or skinny. In the same way, lighter colored hair is viewed as favorable, and in an artistic, poetic sense, it is said to harken to the country's golden sky. Wider faces, also are more attractive than narrower, larger noses are favorable to smaller ones, darker eyes are preferred over lighter, and taller individuals are more prone to procreate than shorter, as are those with lighter skin, than are those with darker pigmentation. Large, forward facing ears are regarded as very beautiful.

== Fashion ==

Fashion in Passas is also very distinct. The women of Passas are often seen in public, wearing hoop skirts, or gowns, and are known to change outfits several times a day. Morning attire for the women of Passas involves a simple, soft, muslin gown, which is worn from the early hours after sunrise, to shortly before noon. Afternoon, however, the simple muslin gowns are replaced by extravagant, velvet dresses, adorned with lace, ribbon, and net. These evening dresses are often short-sleeved and low cut, as opposed to the long sleeve, formal gowns worn earlier in the day. White gloves are usually worn with evening dresses, which might be accented with all manner of exaggerated effects, such as bustles, panniers, and crinolines. Particular colors, in Passas, are used to distinguish between the various age-groups of women. Periwinkle blue, pink, and lilac are typically indicative of young age, and are often worn by women seeking courtship and marriage, whereas older women tend to prefer much more harsh colors, such as purple, black, and crimson. The most prominent hairstyle for women consists of masses of curls worn over the forehead and ears, with the long hair in the back, drawn into loose buns (psyche knots). In terms of head wear, bonnets are very common, while more liberal women prefer mob caps.

Men's fashion is much less intricate (as can be expected), typically featuring some variation of the standard, which consists of dull-colored, tight breeches, heavy, high-waited wait coats over linen shirts worn with cravats, and hessian boots, as well as a top hat. Men's hairstyles tend to feature short curls, with long sideburns or muton chops. Hair wax is all the rage amongst the men of Passas.

Passasian fabrics are almost always made of cotton, wool, linen, hemp, tafetta, brocade, velvet, stamped velvet, or muslin.

== Cultural Tips ==

Typically it's seen as rather troublesome and suspicious for individuals to spend much time alone, as it's considered to indicate a conniving nature, mysterious and treacherous against the general welfare of this society which emphasizes total interdependence. To be seen doing nearly anything alone, especially outside of one's home, at night, or in the hottest parts of the scorching summer days, is very likely to rouse high suspicion, to the extent that most Passasians would summon the police to inquire.

When greeting others, raising the head instead of bowing is seen as a blatant, severe insult, and is likely to result in a fight. Likewise, not acknowledging the greeting of another person is somewhat rude, though not nearly to the extent of raising one's head.

When meeting for the first time, people are introduced in relation to their respective fathers, and grandfathers, and in some instances, primarily for those without a notable lineage, are introduced in relation to place of origin. When introducing several people, eldest male is always introduced first, followed by younger men, followed by older women, followed by younger women, and then children. If there is a title of nobility, then it is stated at first meeting, in addition to the reference to father and grandfather, or place of origin, but it's very rarely referenced once two people have become acquainted.

When visiting, or when hosting guests, It's generally impolite to ask about work, or to discuss it in public, regardless of what work entails, in any setting aside from work. This stems from the widely held view that work is best left with work, at work, whereas time spent not working, should be precisely that. Politics are not mentioned, unless by the host.

Typically a guest is not offered anything in particular, except by their own request. Its not unusual for guests (who dictate the nature of their visit, more so than the host), to request light snacks, or fresh water, or to partake in a meal with the host. The host is not likely to offer anything, but is expected to provide for whatever the guests might request, within certain limits (pending the relationship between host and guests). Again, the nature of a visit is determined by the guests, and not by the host. A host who is less able/willing to provide for requests, is more likely to be shunned by friends/family/future guests. Its impolite for a guest to be too forward with their requests, or to make requests very soon after arriving (for anything but water, which is freely requested/granted). So, a guest might immediately ask their host for water at arrival, without ado, whereas a request for bread or wine, or smoke, would be more impolite, at least right away.

Racism is rampant in Passas. Non Passasians are advised not to travel without informing the proper authorities of their destination and expected arrival time.

== Sights and Sounds ==

[[Category: Provinces]]

Passas

2013-11-24T04:24:00Z

Duke sinclair:

{{Nation
|country = Kingdom of Passas
|image_flag = Passasflggz2.jpg
|language = English
|capital = Zidado West
|largecity = Carol Stream
|website =
|forum = [http://www.mncommunities.org/hamland/forum/viewforum.php?f=13]
|population = N/A
|active = 1
|date_founded = July 29, 2006
|government = Republic of Passas
|currency = Obol
|animal = White-Faced Ferret
|fruit = Lime
|drink = N/A
|map_image =
|maps = 9.4 - ?
|spcoords = (2590,610) (2680,630)
|pacoords =
}}

'''Passas''' is a country located in the tropical plains region of Southwestern [[Keltia]], in the region known as Pallisica. Passas is a member of the Commonwealth of [[Hamland]]. It is directly bordered by [[Alexandria]] to the South, and the Hammish states of [[Israat]] and [[San Luis]] tot he North and East.

As the birthplace of the [[Passasian Economic Model]], Passas is the second largest economy in the Commonwealth of [[Hamland]], second only to the Hammish government itself. As of 5208 ASC the [[Passasian Regional Government]] ranks the 7th largest SCUE affiliated economy. Though the nation was at one point invested in each of SCUE's major markets, today Passas is almost solely invested in the [[HAM50]]. Passas' leading industries include shipping and banking. As of 5208, its largest company is [[Bay of Bel Air]].

Notable Passasians of the modern era include [[Pallisico Sivad]], who is widely credited with the establishment of the modern Passasian state, and [[Duke Sinclair]], who crafted the [[Passasian Economic Model]].

== History ==

The history of Passas is long and complicated. As Queen Mina said in her coronation address, in 5106:

"Today, our nation turns 2,556 years old. 2,556 years since the founding of the Republic. 2,106 years since the fall of the Republic. 1,787 years since Passas won it's independence from Gralus. 1,472 years since our nation collapsed following it's bid for independence from Craitland. For 966 years, Passas has existed as a member of the Hammish Commonwealth. Three kings have been coronated before today, with the latest being my father. Today, I become the first queen of Passas. I am proud to become your queen. Proud, but humbled. Humbled, but not intimidated. Not intimidated, because our country is strong."

'''The Republic of Passas (2549 ASC - 3000 ASC)'''

The nation of Passas first appeared in Southwestern Keltia in the year 2,549 ASC. Little is known of the Republic except that it attempted to foster strong foreign relations, and made efforts to implement rudimentary economic systems. In the year 3,000 ASC, the Republic collapsed, and was absorbed into the Confederacy of Gralus.

'''Gralun Passas (3184 ASC - 3319 ASC)'''

Nearly two centuries after the fall of the Republic, Passas was annexed into the newly formed Confederacy of [[Gralus]]. Again, little is known about this period of Passasian history except that it was marked by protests, sometimes violent, against Gralun rule. Certain records indicate that at one point, Passasian naval vessels refused to fly the Gralun flag, much to the dismay of Gralun governors. Records indicate that the presence of the Confederacy was short lived due to wide spread, frequent protests and rebellions.

'''The Pirate States / Craitish Passas (3534 ASC - 3634 ASC)'''

In the centuries following the collapse of Gralun rule in Passas, the the former Republic descended into a state of feudalism. The cities of the west, by this time, had fallen into utter disrepair and chaos while the cities of Newvillage and South City fell under the authority of two ruthless pirates, who's names have been lost to history. When these pirate kings died, so to did their kingdoms. The nation was absrobed by [[Craitland]] for a handful of years before the Craitish, like the Graluns, abandoned their investment in the region after prolonged periods of protest and rebellion.

'''Collapse (3634 ASC - 3879 ASC)'''

With the decision by the Craitish government to cut its losses, Passas was left in a state of limbo. The cities of the south, like their counterparts in the west, fell into disrepair and ruin. The people largely returned to the countryside where they developed the agrarian communities which would later lead to the establishment of the Free Societies.

'''Zidado Kingdom (3879 ASC - 4083 ASC)'''

In 3879 ASC, a certain tribal leader named himself ruler of a new Passasian nation. He established Zidado West as the nation's capital and built a grand palace which now lies in ruin in the western part of the city. Unfortunately, construction of this palace ultimately bankrupted the nation, and it collapsed almost as soon as it appeared.

'''Hammish Passas (4140 ASC - Present)'''

Almost three hundred years after the fall of the Zidado Kingdom, Passas was absorbed into the Hammish Commonwealth, where it remains to this day. Half a century later, in 4199 ASC, the Kingdom of Hamland agreed to the establishment of the [[Free Socieities of Passas]], after disagreements between the peoples of Passas and the Hammish government over certain issues including the use of hallucinogenic drugs.

'''Kingdom of Passas (4870 ASC - 5122)'''

During the era of the Kingdom of Passas, the nation enjoyed greater stability than at any other point in its history. Beginning in 4847, with the conquest of Pallisica by King Lucien I,this period is known for unprecedented economic and industrial growth. The Passasian Economic Model was developed during the reign of King Lucien III, who established a national bank in the year 5074. During this period a representative legislative body was established for the first time in over 1,000 years. Headed by President [[[Duke Sinclair]], the Passasian Regional Government passed legislation which improved Passas's economic power and influence.

This period of Passasian history saw the birth of the city of [[Nuncrest]]. This new city served to unify the nation's ancient autonomous regions.

Notable Figures:
[[King Lucien III]]
[[Duke Sinclair]]
[[Queen Mina]]

[[Second Republic of Passas]] '''(5125 - Present)'''

== Geography ==
Passas is located in Southwestern Keltia. It is the Southernmost province of Central [[Hamland]], and it borders [[Alexandria]] Santa Gertrudis to the North. Passas is primarily a tropical grassland, though it features sparse woodlands in certain areas. The nation's western region is hilly, and lightly forested.

== Cities ==

'''[[Zidado West]]'''

'''[[Zibert]]'''

'''[[Zimia]]'''

'''[[Northman]]'''

'''[[Carol Stream]]'''

'''[[Kingsland]]'''

'''[[Springville]]'''

'''[[Nuncrest]] '''

'''[[Bel-Air]]'''

==Societies==

'''Zidado Societies'''
'''Zibert Societies'''
'''Zimia Society'''
'''Carol Stream Society'''

== Government ==

Passas is a small, semi-sovereign theocratic monarchy, with a hereditary line of succession, which is supported by a satropy system. The King of Passas holds executive, and legislative power, including the ability to dissolve both the Temple and Secular courts, as well as to pass and implement, or veto legislation passed by the Passasian Regional Government.

The king is at the center of the nation's social and political hierarchy. Cities are conceptualized as royal households, reflecting tastes of local rulers, as well as those of the king. Governors and other high ranking city officials are appointed at his discretion, as are court officials. The king has the power to designate and allocate all land in the province. In addition, the king controls the nation's central bank. He oversees loans and grants to the Passasian Regional Government, and decides national tax and interest rates.

The Passasian Regional Government (PRG) serves as the nation's legislative body. Composed of three representatives from each city, and one from each free society, it has the authority to pass laws, to declare war, and to elect a "duke," or president, who acts as the official spokesman for the PRG, and who presides over legislative gatherings. It is the responsibility of the PRG to maintain the nation's credit.

Judicial power is held by the Temple and Secular courts. The Temple Courts enforce laws which pertain to moral turpitude, such as indiscretion, insubordination, and heresy, whereas civil and criminal law fall within the domain of the the Secular Court. Secular court adjudicates cases which Temple Court cannot, and has appellate jurisdiction over Temple Court.

The King is not above the law, but judicial administration is under his authority. It's the King which delegates to other close officials for individual cases. Courts are comprised of panels featuring judges, state officials, and temple officials. The legal system of Passas is inquisitorial, as opposed to adversarial, which entails a high degree of cooperation between all parties. Passas' legal system is renowned for the role of it's judges in developing evidence, as well as the requirement of defendant's testimony, even when its self-incriminating. Lawsuits are common in the kingdom. Carried out in a very particular, very formal fashion, it's best to summarize by detailing that only free men have the right to readily sue, and slaves may sue in regards to their status. Heads of household sue on behalf of families, or slaves (in regards to matters other than status), women, and children.

All property in the kingdom is effectively owned first and foremost by the king, from land, to homes, to slaves, to livestock. By extension, anyone who seeks to own any of the king's property, that is, anyone who seeks to own land, or a home, or anything, must seek permission from a king's representative (priest), in the form of a very formal, signed, contract (stipulating the terms of your “ownership”). So, to own a home or a slave, as an Passasian commoner, is essentially to borrow it from the king.

All people born in Passas are natural citizens. Rights and Privileges of citizenry include the right to vote on PRG representatives, protection by the state police, and legal incentives such as the right to representation in the court of law, and the ability to earn parole. Responsibilities include two years of compulsory military service for men, and for women: a year of service to the king's temples.

== Religion ==

Coming Soon

== Military ==

The Passasian military is a hodgepodge of outdated units and weapons, which reflects the country's long poverty. Suffice to say, the technology utilized by the Passasian armies. is in no way shape or form, capable of contending with the advanced technologies of other nations on Micras. Nowadays, the nation's military is used more for sport than anything else, since Passas has not faced any real threat of war for many centuries.

The nation's entire standing army consists of only about 2,380 units divided up into four armies, located in the nation's four largest cities. These armies compete for cash prizes in a yearly tournament in which the armies are pitted against one another in very real, very bloody battles across the country. These war games are a favorite spectacle for many Passasians, and many young men vie to take part in them.

Each army consists of between 200-600 soldiers, with unit types varying at the discretion of commanders and the provincial governors. In general, infantry is the favorite unit type, with around 500 men filling the ranks between the four armies. Cavalry units are less popular, though on certain years they tend to be more or less in vogue. Currently, there are around 170 cavalry units between the armies. Siege units are hardly utilized, with only around 30 cannons between the armies.

The war games occur annually, every Summer. They last for two months, or until a winner has been determined. In order to prevent the war games from spilling over into actual wars, a list of rules are strictly enforced by the tournament's judges, who are usually appointed by the king. This list of rules is as follows.

I. Conduct of Armed Forces
(a) Surprise attacks are illegal
(b) Torture is prohibited
(c) Mutilation of dead bodies is prohibited
(d) Boasting is discouraged
(e) Chemical/biological warfare is prohibited
(f) Unnecessary force/weaponry is discouraged
(g)Surrendering forces aren't fought or refused.
(h)Retreating forces are not chased.
(i)Severe punishment for terrorism (death)
(j) Do not betray or misappropriate any part of the booty
(k)Do not practice treachery or mutilation
(l)Do not uproot or burn palms or cut down fruitful trees
(m)Do not slaughter a sheep or a cow or a camel, except for food
(n)You will meet people who have set themselves apart in hermitages; leave them to accomplish the purpose for which they have done this.
(o)It is forbidden to cut off enemies' water supply.
(p)Soldiers must enlist of their own will
(q)Only debt free adult males (>16 y.o.) allowed to enlist.

II. Civilian Areas
(a) Killing of non-combatants is prohibited
(b) Killing of all combatants is permitted
© Looting is prohibited
(d)Use of civilian facilities without permission is prohibited.
-Negotiations
(a) Leaders are not required to negotiate for peace.
(b) Negotiations require third party intervention/moderation.

-Prisoners of War
(a) Only combatants can be captured
(b) Prisoners may be held for ransom
(d) Unreleased prisoners can be enslaved.
(b) Surrendering forces aren't fought or refused.
© Retreating forces are not chased.
(e) Severe punishment for terrorism (death)

The war games are an old practice, though they've gained in importance over the past generation due in large part to the increasing rate of urbanization. As people flock to the cities, the demand increases for winning armies, and the stakes become greater. The commanders of the winning army are invited to dine for one night with the royal family. The army itself receives a large sum of gold from the king, which is usually added to their city's reserve. The soldiers themselves are revered as heroes, and often accumulate large sums of personal wealth via sponsorships and tributes. Many people gamble on battles, and even venture out into the country-side to follow armies on their campaign. Suffice to say, the Summer months are a favorite time for most Passasians, who take immense pride in their respective armies.

== Economy ==

When the Republic of Passas collapsed in the year 3000 ASC, it's central bank collapsed with it. For the succeeding 1,700 years, no such centralized financial institution would be established. Despite being absorbed into a handful of different nations, the Passasian economy would dwindle and revert to a primitive state from which it would not improve until the year 5074 ASC, when the newly established Passasian Regional Government voted in favor of establishing a central bank based on the [[Small Commonwealth Bank]].

Today, the Kingdom of Passas is the strongest economy in Southwestern [[Keltia]]. With investments in each of the major markets, the [[Passasian Regional Government]] is among the ten wealthiest traders on the Commonwealth Exchange. Despite this, the value of the PRG constitutes only about 32% of the nation's overall GDP; the majority of the nation's wealth is constituted by the value of it's private industry.

The structure of the nation's economy is simple. In brief, the Passasian Central Bank receives funds from the Central Bank of Hamland. In turn, the Passasian Central Bank grants and loans money to the Passasian Regional Government, who invests in local and foreign businesses and industries. In addition, the PRG can allocate funds to the nation's cities, which in turn also invest in domestic and foreign companies. This economic system has come to be known as the [[Passasian Economic Model]], and it has begun to be implemented in Central Hamland, and [[The Free State of Haifa.]]

The Kingdom is, as of 5118, experiencing a 1.9% rate of urbanization. The nation's urban population constitutes 68% of the nation's total. Life expectancy is 74 years. Fertility rate is 3.2 children/family, and the gender ratio of males to females is 1.31. Literacy rate is 82%.

== Free Societies ==

== Family Life ==

A typical Passasian family consists of a mother, father, and two to five children, all living in the same household with one two to other families, usually comprised of the father's brother or sister, their spouse, and children. Villages and cities usually develop around particular family and ethnic groups.

Formal rites of passage occur at birth, transition into adulthood, marriage, and death. The most significant rites of passage are those of transition into adulthood, and death. Initiation rites for boys, which occur every ten years, involve prolonged periods of isolation from the community, during which time such knowledge and skills are taught as farming techniques, methods of building homes, craft specialties, songs and dances, and rudimentary history of the culture and country., as well as how to behave with other adults and elders. Social messages are reinforced by beatings, physical mutilation such as circumcision and ritualistic scarring. These initiation rites also include vision quests, in which initiates are led to remote wilderness locations, where they ingest powerful hallucinogenic drinks, in an attempt to seek guidance and counsel from the divines. Initiation rites for girls are much less pronounced, and yet involve many of the same lessons as are taught to boys during their rigorous rites, but primarily pertain to the role of women in the context of community.

The customs of childbirth place the brunt of the burden unto the mother alone. Expectant mothers bear children entirely on their own, in isolated places in the wilderness. They have no aid, unless it's deemed necessary by community elders that the expectant mother is not capable of handling the task alone. While pregnant, expectant mothers are encouraged to seek the counsel of notable figures of Passasian culture, heroes and teachers, scribes and kings, and to meditate about these figures, while spending as much time as possible alone in the wilderness, in peaceful tranquil settings. In the wilderness, away from the community of her home, she is alone expected to bear the pains of childbirth. There are no formal presentations of new children, as such a practice is believed to instill a false sense of importance upon the child, which it will not truly earn for many years.

At eight years old, boys are handed from their mothers to their fathers, for disciplined training, and preparation for the rigorous initiation rites which occur two years later (at which point they're considered adults). Girls are raised and educated by their grandmothers, who are revered with great dignity. Children younger than eight years old are typically dressed in light, soft colors such as pale blue and pink, children eight to ten years of age are dressed in brighter variations of the same colors, and may now adorn the color green to signify a period of growth and learning. Young adults, aged ten to fifteen are dressed in darker variations of red and blue and green, and from fifteen until old age, no specific color can be considered common to both genders.

Customs surrounding death include the summoning of the eldest son of the deceased to the death bed, where he is expected to symbolically inhale the last breath of his parent. Public processions carry the deceased on a wooden platform, to the tomb or pyre, where the body is cremated. Participants of the procession where death masks, representing ancestors and notable heroes of Passas, and processions usually feature mimes, dancers, and fire breathers. Nine days after the day of procession, the home of the deceased is swept, and the dust is dumped over the tomb. After this cleansing ritual, the dead are mostly ignored, and forgotten.

== Food ==

Mocked throughout the region for it's local delicacies, the people of Passas consume a diet which reflects frugality and agricultural hardship, and which specializes in the use of wheat, various oils, and wine. A typical day in the life of a citizen consists of four meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner, and after-dinner (lunch-dinner). Breakfast is observed around sunrise, lunch--shortly before noon, dinner takes place in the mid-afternoon, and after-dinner is observed in the evening, usually after sunset.

Cereal is a staple of an Passasian breakfast, although it's almost never consumed in the sense we might typically regard it in. Instead, it's typically eaten with “relish,” which consists of cabbage, onions, lentils, sweet peas, chickpeas, broad beans, also complimented by honey. White wine is a common drink consumed with breakfast, even amongst young children. Lunch most often features a combination of barley broth, fruit (pomegranates, figs, grapes), and a drink of spring-water. Dinner in Passas usually features a light quantity of pork stew (black broth), as well as cheese and red-wine. After-dinner is the smallest of the meals, featuring a combination of cereal, eggs, and rose wine. Sweet dumplings are often consumed at this time, sometimes with figs.

Social hierarchies are obviously represented in the country's cuisine. For instance, meat is typically consumed ritualistically by the priest class, which is regarded with less esteem than only that of the king. Extremely wealthy landowners tend to raise pigs, cows, and sheep, which they are able to sell for very high prices, mostly to those associated with the king's church. Fowl meat is less often consumed by nobility, and more by the middle class workers. Peasantry often raise geese and sheep, for personal consumption. Nobles tend to grill their meat, while middle class and peasantry tend more to salt and cook it. The country's poor eat little to no meat, but for what they hunt. Instead they consume mostly crops which they manage to produce, and dried fruit. In extreme situations, it's been observed that those in extreme poverty will often eat acorns. Common drink ranges from water (spring water is universally preferred) to wine (rose, red, and white). A local drink, known as Gugalash consists of barley gruel, mixed with various herbs and spices. The consumption of milk, and the use of butter is seen as barbaric, as is (generally) the use of cutlery.

Formal meals are notable for the elevation of seats and tables above the floor, as they're always several inches taller. In addition, cutlery is used at formal dinners, whereas for non-formal dinners, cutlery is never used. Wine, consumed at formal dinners, is typically of higher quality, is cut with spring water from very specific locales, and is sweetened by herbs such as thyme and penny roll.

Tables, at which meals are eaten, round, with legs shaped like animal legs. There is no place of honor, unless the occasion features royalty or priests, in which case, their seats are slightly higher. Men and women eat separately, first men, then women. Boys eat with their fathers, girls with mothers. Servants/slaves eat on their own, separate from masters, unless by special appointment. Everyone at the table sits at an equal level, near to the floor, except for royalty, and priests, who sit slightly higher. Most meals do not feature cutlery or utensils, but for high-court, formal dinners, which use forks, spoons, and knives.

Most, if not all of the water, is gathered daily, fresh from springs, all of which originate high in the hills. Milk is never consumed, except in very rural areas, and the use of butter is viewed as barbaric. Wine is almost always cut with water, for uncut wine is said to induce madness.

== Race ==

In physical appearance, the people of Passas are distinct amongst the tribes of of Hamland. The Passasian people are readily identified by a mesomporphic, powerful build, and are more prone to build muscle than fat. The vertical height of the typical Passasian cranium is high, and the wide-open eyes are set near to a large, concave nose. Dark brown eyes are most predominate, while lighter brown eyes, even hazel, are much less common. The faces of the people of Passas tend to be orthoganic, with wide chins and broad (not bulbous) foreheads. Brown, to black hair is common, with very rare instances of blonde or red. In addition to all of this, Passasians are renowned for their forward facing ears.

The Passasian standard of beauty for people maintains that less fat is more attractive, while being overly skinny is a sign of ill-health. That is to say that more muscular individuals are more beautiful than individuals who are fat, or skinny. In the same way, lighter colored hair is viewed as favorable, and in an artistic, poetic sense, it is said to harken to the country's golden sky. Wider faces, also are more attractive than narrower, larger noses are favorable to smaller ones, darker eyes are preferred over lighter, and taller individuals are more prone to procreate than shorter, as are those with lighter skin, than are those with darker pigmentation. Large, forward facing ears are regarded as very beautiful.

== Fashion ==

Fashion in Passas is also very distinct. The women of Passas are often seen in public, wearing hoop skirts, or gowns, and are known to change outfits several times a day. Morning attire for the women of Passas involves a simple, soft, muslin gown, which is worn from the early hours after sunrise, to shortly before noon. Afternoon, however, the simple muslin gowns are replaced by extravagant, velvet dresses, adorned with lace, ribbon, and net. These evening dresses are often short-sleeved and low cut, as opposed to the long sleeve, formal gowns worn earlier in the day. White gloves are usually worn with evening dresses, which might be accented with all manner of exaggerated effects, such as bustles, panniers, and crinolines. Particular colors, in Passas, are used to distinguish between the various age-groups of women. Periwinkle blue, pink, and lilac are typically indicative of young age, and are often worn by women seeking courtship and marriage, whereas older women tend to prefer much more harsh colors, such as purple, black, and crimson. The most prominent hairstyle for women consists of masses of curls worn over the forehead and ears, with the long hair in the back, drawn into loose buns (psyche knots). In terms of head wear, bonnets are very common, while more liberal women prefer mob caps.

Men's fashion is much less intricate (as can be expected), typically featuring some variation of the standard, which consists of dull-colored, tight breeches, heavy, high-waited wait coats over linen shirts worn with cravats, and hessian boots, as well as a top hat. Men's hairstyles tend to feature short curls, with long sideburns or muton chops. Hair wax is all the rage amongst the men of Passas.

Passasian fabrics are almost always made of cotton, wool, linen, hemp, tafetta, brocade, velvet, stamped velvet, or muslin.

== Cultural Tips ==

Typically it's seen as rather troublesome and suspicious for individuals to spend much time alone, as it's considered to indicate a conniving nature, mysterious and treacherous against the general welfare of this society which emphasizes total interdependence. To be seen doing nearly anything alone, especially outside of one's home, at night, or in the hottest parts of the scorching summer days, is very likely to rouse high suspicion, to the extent that most Passasians would summon the police to inquire.

When greeting others, raising the head instead of bowing is seen as a blatant, severe insult, and is likely to result in a fight. Likewise, not acknowledging the greeting of another person is somewhat rude, though not nearly to the extent of raising one's head.

When meeting for the first time, people are introduced in relation to their respective fathers, and grandfathers, and in some instances, primarily for those without a notable lineage, are introduced in relation to place of origin. When introducing several people, eldest male is always introduced first, followed by younger men, followed by older women, followed by younger women, and then children. If there is a title of nobility, then it is stated at first meeting, in addition to the reference to father and grandfather, or place of origin, but it's very rarely referenced once two people have become acquainted.

When visiting, or when hosting guests, It's generally impolite to ask about work, or to discuss it in public, regardless of what work entails, in any setting aside from work. This stems from the widely held view that work is best left with work, at work, whereas time spent not working, should be precisely that. Politics are not mentioned, unless by the host.

Typically a guest is not offered anything in particular, except by their own request. Its not unusual for guests (who dictate the nature of their visit, more so than the host), to request light snacks, or fresh water, or to partake in a meal with the host. The host is not likely to offer anything, but is expected to provide for whatever the guests might request, within certain limits (pending the relationship between host and guests). Again, the nature of a visit is determined by the guests, and not by the host. A host who is less able/willing to provide for requests, is more likely to be shunned by friends/family/future guests. Its impolite for a guest to be too forward with their requests, or to make requests very soon after arriving (for anything but water, which is freely requested/granted). So, a guest might immediately ask their host for water at arrival, without ado, whereas a request for bread or wine, or smoke, would be more impolite, at least right away.

Racism is rampant in Passas. Non Passasians are advised not to travel without informing the proper authorities of their destination and expected arrival time.

== Sights and Sounds ==

[[Category: Provinces]]